Evidence for the synthesis in vivo of proteins of the calvin cycle and of the photosynthetic electron-transfer pathway on chloroplast ribosomes

Smillie, Robert M.; Graham, D.; Dwyer, Margaret R.; Grieve, Angus; Tobin, Noel F.

doi:10.1016/0006-291x(67)90356-7

Cited by 115 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…4). Fraction I protein, which is identical to the enzyme ribulose 1, 5-diphosphate carboxylase (24), is probably made on the chloroplast ribosomes by the alga Euglena (20).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In leaves there are two major systems of protein synthesis (2, 18), one using the ribosomes of the cytoplasm, and the other using the smaller ribosomes of the chloroplast (4,19,20). Although it is difficult to estimate relative amounts of the two classes of ribosomes directly, they each contain characteristic species of RNA which can be separated and estimated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (6,8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While total ribosomal RNA was declining, labeled uracil was still incorporated into cytoplasmic ribosomal RNA, but the rate of incorporation into chloroplast ribosomal RNA fell by more than 80%, as did the incorporation of labeled leucine into fraction I protein. Either there is greater replacement of cytoplasmic ribosomal RNA than chloroplast ribosomal RNA in mature leaves, or chloroplasts are able to repress the incorporation of exogenous precursor when there is no net synthesis of RNA.In leaves there are two major systems of protein synthesis (2, 18), one using the ribosomes of the cytoplasm, and the other using the smaller ribosomes of the chloroplast (4,19,20). Although it is difficult to estimate relative amounts of the two classes of ribosomes directly, they each contain characteristic species of RNA which can be separated and estimated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (6,8).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, in order to study the net changes in rRNA at different stages of the development of wheat leaves, we have measured the amounts of the smaller subunits of chloroplast and cytoplasmic rRNA. We have compared the changes in rRNA levels with changes in the level of fraction I protein, which is probably made on the chloroplast ribosomes (20). In addition, the ability of wheat leaves to incorporate exogenous precursor into chloroplast rRNA, cytoplasmic rRNA, and fraction I protein has been measured at different stages of development.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Developmental Changes in Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid and Fraction I Protein in Wheat Leaves

Patterson

Smillie

1971

Plant Physiol.

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In light-grown wheat (Triticumn aestivum L.) seedlings, the amount of chloroplast and cytoplasmic ribosomal RNA increased to a maximum in the first leaf near the end of its growth and declined by about 60% in the following 3 days. While total ribosomal RNA was declining, labeled uracil was still incorporated into cytoplasmic ribosomal RNA, but the rate of incorporation into chloroplast ribosomal RNA fell by more than 80%, as did the incorporation of labeled leucine into fraction I protein. Either there is greater replacement of cytoplasmic ribosomal RNA than chloroplast ribosomal RNA in mature leaves, or chloroplasts are able to repress the incorporation of exogenous precursor when there is no net synthesis of RNA.In leaves there are two major systems of protein synthesis (2, 18), one using the ribosomes of the cytoplasm, and the other using the smaller ribosomes of the chloroplast (4,19,20). Although it is difficult to estimate relative amounts of the two classes of ribosomes directly, they each contain characteristic species of RNA which can be separated and estimated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (6,8). The larger subunit of chloroplast rRNA in particular is somewhat unstable during isolation (6). Therefore, in order to study the net changes in rRNA at different stages of the development of wheat leaves, we have measured the amounts of the smaller subunits of chloroplast and cytoplasmic rRNA. We have compared the changes in rRNA levels with changes in the level of fraction I protein, which is probably made on the chloroplast ribosomes (20). In addition, the ability of wheat leaves to incorporate exogenous precursor into chloroplast rRNA, cytoplasmic rRNA, and fraction I protein has been measured at different stages of development. MATERIALS AND METHODSGrowth of Wheat. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L., var. Timgalen) was grown in vermiculite with a 24 hr cycle of 12-hr light and dark, at 22 C and 16 C, respectively. Light (about 9,000 lux) was supplied by equal numbers of Philips MCFER warm white and Sylvania Grolux fluorescent tubes. Sowing and harvesting was midway through the light period, and the nutrient solution used was that of Hoagland and Arnon (5).Incorporation of Radioisotopes. Leaves were dissected from the coleoptile and cut at the ligule, surface sterilized with 0.1% cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, thoroughly rinsed with sterile distilled water, and cut into 3-mm sections. Tissue (0.5 g) was incubated with 1 ml of precursor solution for 6 hr with intermittent shaking in light at 22 C. 5-3H-Uracil (240 ,uc/ml; 1 c/mmole) was used as a precursor of RNA, and 'H-leucine, generally labeled (100 ,uc/ml; 50 mc/mmole), was used as a precursor of protein. Incubation was begun 3 hr before the middle of the light period.Extraction of RNA. RNA was prepared using Method B of Loening and Ingle (8) and purified by the method of Ralph and Bellamy (17). Total RNA and DNA were estimated by the method of Smillie and Krotkov (21).Extraction of Fraction I Protein. Leaves were frozen in liquid nitrogen a...

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“…4). Fraction I protein, which is identical to the enzyme ribulose 1, 5-diphosphate carboxylase (24), is probably made on the chloroplast ribosomes by the alga Euglena (20).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developmental Changes in Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid and Fraction I Protein in Wheat Leaves

Patterson

Smillie

1971

Plant Physiol.

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“…Strong inhibition of NADP-GPD formation by D-threo-CAP has been found in a variety of different plant species (9,35). Contrary to these data, Margulies (20) reported that in etiolated bean leaves NADP-GPD formation is unaffected by D-threo-CAP, although the increase of ribulose diphosphate carboxylase is inhibited.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases and Glyoxylate Reductase

Cerff

1973

Plant Physiol.

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The development of NADP-and NAD-dependent glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and NADH-specific glyoxylate reductase was These results are consistent with the following conclusions. 1. The light-induced increase of the three enzyme activities is mediated by phytochrome and is independent of photosynthesis.2. The activities of the NADP-and NAD-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase are regulated differentially, indicating the existence of a NADP-specific enzyme in S. alba cotyledons.3. This differential regulation is in contrast to the apparent correlated regulation of the activities of NADP-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and glyoxylate reductase. 4. The increase in activity of NADP-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and glyoxylate reductase is dependent on both chloroplast and cytoplasmic protein synthesis, whereas the 1 This work was supported by a grant of the Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 46). increase in activity of NAD-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase is only dependent on the latter.

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The Effect of 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole on the Ultrastructure of Plastids of Triticum Vulgare Seedlings

Bartels

Weier

1969

American J of Botany

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The application of sublethal doses of 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole (AT) to germinating, light‐grown wheat grains causes chlorosis of the resulting leaves. An ultrastructural examination of the leaf tissue reveals that the plastids lack normal grana‐fret membrane systems and chloroplast ribosomes. A few disorganized membranes are always present in these chloroplasts. However, AT‐treated, dark‐grown seedlings contain proplastids with non‐crystalline prolamellar bodies and ribosomes. When these etiolated, treated plants are exposed to 600 ft‐c light for various periods of time, the proplastids fail to develop into normal, grana‐containing chloroplasts.

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Evidence for the synthesis in vivo of proteins of the calvin cycle and of the photosynthetic electron-transfer pathway on chloroplast ribosomes

Cited by 115 publications

References 11 publications

Developmental Changes in Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid and Fraction I Protein in Wheat Leaves

Developmental Changes in Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid and Fraction I Protein in Wheat Leaves

Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases and Glyoxylate Reductase

The Effect of 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole on the Ultrastructure of Plastids of Triticum Vulgare Seedlings

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