Evidence for varying social strategies across the day in chacma baboons

Sick, Claudia; Carter, Alecia J.; Marshall, Harry H.; Knapp, Leslie A.; Dabelsteen, Torben; Cowlishaw, Guy

doi:10.1098/rsbl.2014.0249

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Indeed, a recent study at our site has found that individuals' grooming contributions can vary strategically across a day (Sick et al. ). In contrast, the role of maintaining long‐term (across years) and balanced relationships with other individuals may be to provide social support over longer time scales (Gomes et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The main function of these relationships may be to negotiate access to resources, such as food in this study. Indeed, a recent study at our site has found that individuals' grooming contributions can vary strategically across a day (Sick et al 2014). In contrast, the role of maintaining long-term (across years) and balanced relationships with other individuals may be to provide social support over longer time scales (Gomes et al 2009;Silk et al 2010aSilk et al , 2012, with these relationships only exploited to provide short-term tolerance when the negotiating power of short-term relationships is exhausted, such as during periods of high foraging competition as in the experimental conditions.…”

Section: The Comparative Effect Of Social Bond Balance and Strength Imentioning

confidence: 95%

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Social effects on foraging behavior and success depend on local environmental conditions

Marshall

Carter

Alexandra

et al. 2015

Ecology and Evolution

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In social groups, individuals' dominance rank, social bonds, and kinship with other group members have been shown to influence their foraging behavior. However, there is growing evidence that the particular effects of these social traits may also depend on local environmental conditions. We investigated this by comparing the foraging behavior of wild chacma baboons, Papio ursinus, under natural conditions and in a field experiment where food was spatially clumped. Data were collected from 55 animals across two troops over a 5-month period, including over 900 agonistic foraging interactions and over 600 food patch visits in each condition. In both conditions, low-ranked individuals received more agonism, but this only translated into reduced foraging performances for low-ranked individuals in the high-competition experimental conditions. Our results suggest one possible reason for this pattern may be low-ranked individuals strategically investing social effort to negotiate foraging tolerance, but the rank-offsetting effect of this investment being overwhelmed in the higher-competition experimental environment. Our results also suggest that individuals may use imbalances in their social bonds to negotiate tolerance from others under a wider range of environmental conditions, but utilize the overall strength of their social bonds in more extreme environments where feeding competition is more intense. These findings highlight that behavioral tactics such as the strategic investment of social effort may allow foragers to mitigate the costs of low rank, but that the effectiveness of these tactics is likely to be limited in certain environments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: The Comparative Effect Of Social Bond Balance and Strength Imentioning

confidence: 95%

Social effects on foraging behavior and success depend on local environmental conditions

Marshall

Carter

Alexandra

et al. 2015

Ecology and Evolution

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“…There is evidence that female Old World monkeys are capable of making strategic management decisions about their relationships as they maintain stable long-term relationships and more variable ones with different partners [12]. Furthermore, there is evidence that they can adjust their social relationships over short periods of time [13] and in response to seasonality [14][15] or demographic variation [16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The multidimensionality of female mandrill sociality—A dynamic multiplex network approach

et al. 2020

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The structure and dynamics of primate social groups are shaped by the social relationships of its members. These relationships are based on different types of interactions and vary in relation to the identity of the interactants and over time. Social network analysis tools represent a powerful and comprehensive method to characterise social interactions and recent methodological advances now allow the study of the multidimensionality of sociality via multilayer networks that incorporate multiple types of interactions. Here, we use a multidimensional network approach to investigate the multidimensionality of sociality of females in a captive group of mandrills. We constructed two multiplex networks based on agonistic, proximity and grooming interactions of 6-7 mature females to analyse the multidimensionality of relationships within two independent observation periods; and three multiplex networks (one for each interaction type) to examine how relationships changed between periods. Within each period, different individuals were the most central in each layer and at the multiplex level, and different layers (i.e., interaction types) contributed non-redundant information to the multilayer structure. Across periods, relationships based on the same interaction type also contained non-redundant information. These results indicate that female mandrills engage in multidimensional and dynamic relationships, suggesting that in order to represent the full complexity of relationships, networks need to be constructed from more than a single type of interaction and across time. Our results provide evidence for the potential value of the multilayer network approach to characterise the multidimensionality of primate sociality.

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“…I found two types of social grooming methods based on the trade-off between the number and strength of social relationships ( figure 1 ). One was ‘elaborate social grooming’, which was face to face and by phone (face to face (Pachur) [ 31 ] 1 and phone (Pachur) [ 31 ] (see footnote 1)), in kin and friends (mobile phone (friends and family) [ 32 ] 2 and short message service (SMS (friends and family)) [ 32 ] (see footnote 2)) and Chacma baboon social grooming (baboon group A and B) [ 6 ]. 3 This should be nearer to primitive human communications than the others.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two types of social grooming methods depending on the trade-off between the number and strength of social relationships

Takano

2018

R. Soc. open sci.

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Humans use various social bonding methods known as social grooming, e.g. face to face communication, greetings, phone and social networking sites (SNS). SNS have drastically decreased time and distance constraints of social grooming. In this paper, I show that two types of social grooming (elaborate social grooming and lightweight social grooming) were discovered in a model constructed by 13 communication datasets including face to face, SNS and Chacma baboons. The separation of social grooming methods is caused by a difference in the trade-off between the number and strength of social relationships. The trade-off of elaborate social grooming is weaker than the trade-off of lightweight social grooming. On the other hand, the time and effort of elaborate methods are higher than those of lightweight methods. Additionally, my model connects social grooming behaviour and social relationship forms with these trade-offs. By analysing the model, I show that individuals tend to use elaborate social grooming to reinforce a few close relationships (e.g. face to face and Chacma baboons). By contrast, people tend to use lightweight social grooming to maintain many weak relationships (e.g. SNS). Humans with lightweight methods who live in significantly complex societies use various types of social grooming to effectively construct social relationships.

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Evidence for varying social strategies across the day in chacma baboons

Cited by 21 publications

References 19 publications

Social effects on foraging behavior and success depend on local environmental conditions

Social effects on foraging behavior and success depend on local environmental conditions

The multidimensionality of female mandrill sociality—A dynamic multiplex network approach

Two types of social grooming methods depending on the trade-off between the number and strength of social relationships

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