Evidence of a Carbohydrate Dose and Prolonged Exercise Performance Relationship

Smith, JohnEric W.; Zachwieja, Jeffrey J.; Horswill, Craig A.; Pascoe, David D.; Passe, Dennis H.; Ruby, Brent C.; Stewart, Laura K.

doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000385615.40977.c3

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Athletic practice has both preceded and now benefited from these findings, since sports nutrition companies now produce a range of carbohydratecontaining fluids/gels/bars with this ratio of the so-called ''multiple transportable carbohydrates''. A variety of forms of these products, ranging from liquid to solid, appear to deliver high rates of carbohydrate (Pfeiffer, Stellingwerff, Zaltas, & Jeukendrup, 2010a, 2010b and can be tolerated in the field (Pfeiffer, Stellingwerff, Zaltas, Hodgson, & Jeukendrup, 2011) Added to the support for a revision of the guidelines for prolonged sporting activities, is emerging evidence of a dose-response relationship between carbohydrate intake and performance of events longer than 2.5 h in which the optimal rate of intake appears to be within the range of 60-90 g Á h 71 (Smith et al, 2010a(Smith et al, , 2010b. Finally, studies using multiple transportable carbohydrates have shown benefits to the performance of exercise activities of *3 h duration compared with the ingestion of glucose alone (Currell & Jeukendrup, 2008;Triplett, Doyle, Rupp, & Benardot, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrates for training and competition

Burke

Hawley

Wong

et al. 2011

Journal of Sports Sciences

710

711

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An athlete's carbohydrate intake can be judged by whether total daily intake and the timing of consumption in relation to exercise maintain adequate carbohydrate substrate for the muscle and central nervous system (''high carbohydrate availability'') or whether carbohydrate fuel sources are limiting for the daily exercise programme (''low carbohydrate availability''). Carbohydrate availability is increased by consuming carbohydrate in the hours or days prior to the session, intake during exercise, and refuelling during recovery between sessions. This is important for the competition setting or for high-intensity training where optimal performance is desired. Carbohydrate intake during exercise should be scaled according to the characteristics of the event. During sustained high-intensity sports lasting *1 h, small amounts of carbohydrate, including even mouth-rinsing, enhance performance via central nervous system effects. While 30-60 g Á h 71 is an appropriate target for sports of longer duration, events 42.5 h may benefit from higher intakes of up to 90 g Á h 71 . Products containing special blends of different carbohydrates may maximize absorption of carbohydrate at such high rates. In real life, athletes undertake training sessions with varying carbohydrate availability. Whether implementing additional ''train-low'' strategies to increase the training adaptation leads to enhanced performance in well-trained individuals is unclear.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrates for training and competition

Burke

Hawley

Wong

et al. 2011

Journal of Sports Sciences

710

711

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Early reports have demonstrated the positive effect of carbohydrates on improving and maintaining cycling performance [36]. The positive role of carbohydrates on cycling has been reported by Smith et al, who reported that the performance is improved in a dose-dependent manner [37]. Feeding carbohydrate during cycling did not affect the muscle glycogen breakdown [38].…”

Section: Cyclingmentioning

confidence: 86%

Nutrition In Paralympics

Das

Bagchi

Sen

2013

Nutrition and Enhanced Sports Performance

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Jeukendrup, unpublished). Furthermore, a large sample study with isotonic beverages found that 20-km time-trial performance after a 2-hr preload may be optimized with a carbohydrate intake of 60-80 g/hr (Smith et al, 2010). However, controlled and adequately powered performance studies comparing hypotonic with isotonic-hypertonic beverages across a range of carbohydrate doses and exercise durations have not been conducted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unilateral Fluid Absorption and Effects on Peak Power After Ingestion of Commercially Available Hypotonic, Isotonic, and Hypertonic Sports Drinks

Rowlands¹,

Bonetti²,

Hopkins³

2011

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Isotonic sports drinks are often consumed to offset the effects of dehydration and improve endurance performance, but hypotonic drinks may be more advantageous. The purpose of the study was to compare absorption and effects on performance of a commercially available hypotonic sports drink (Mizone Rapid: 3.9% carbohydrate [CHO], 218 mOsmol/kg) with those of an isotonic drink (PowerAde: 7.6% CHO, 281 mOsmol/ kg), a hypertonic drink (Gatorade: 6% CHO, 327 mOsmol/kg), and a noncaloric placebo (8 mOsmol/kg). In a crossover, 11 cyclists consumed each drink on separate days at 250 ml/15 min during a 2-hr preload ride at 55% peak power followed by an incremental test to exhaustion. Small to moderate increases in deuterium oxide enrichment in the preload were observed with Mizone Rapid relative to PowerAde, Gatorade, and placebo (differences of 88, 45, and 42 parts per million, respectively; 90% confidence limits ±28). Serum osmolality was moderately lower with Mizone Rapid than with PowerAde and Gatorade (-1.9, -2.4; mOsmol/L; ±1.2 mOsmol/L) but not clearly different vs. placebo. Plasma volume reduction was small to moderate with Mizone Rapid, PowerAde, and Gatorade relative to placebo (-1.9%, -2.5%, -2.9%; ± 2.5%). Gut comfort was highest with Mizone Rapid but clearly different (8.4% ± 4.8%) only vs PowerAde. Peak power was highest with Mizone Rapid (380 W) vs. placebo and other drinks (1.2-3.0%; 99% confidence limits ±4.7%), but differences were inconclusive with reference to the smallest important effect (~1.2%). The outcomes are consistent with fastest fluid absorption with the hypotonic sports drink. Further research should determine whether the effect has a meaningful impact on performance.

show abstract

Evidence of a Carbohydrate Dose and Prolonged Exercise Performance Relationship

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Carbohydrates for training and competition

Carbohydrates for training and competition

Nutrition In Paralympics

Unilateral Fluid Absorption and Effects on Peak Power After Ingestion of Commercially Available Hypotonic, Isotonic, and Hypertonic Sports Drinks

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About