Evidence of a plateau in the incidence of type 1 diabetes in children 0–4 years of age from a regional pediatric diabetes center; Auckland, New Zealand: 1977–2019

Flint, Samuel A.; Gunn, Alistair J.; Hofman, Paul L.; Cutfield, Wayne S.; Han, Dug Yeo; Mouat, Fran; Willis, Jinny; Jefferies, Craig

doi:10.1111/pedi.13236

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The increase in cases identifying as M aori, has not occurred at a similar rate as for European cases, which is at odds with the changes reported in the Auckland region of New Zealand, over the 1990-2009 period 26. Further, in the most recent report for the Auckland region, the rate of increase in type 1 diabetes cases in children identifying as M aori (4.44/year) and Pacifika (3.68/year) exceeded the rate of change for European children (2.66/year) 27. The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study has undertaken population-based ascertainment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes cases presenting before 20 years among the five major racial and ethnic groups in the United States since…”

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confidence: 78%

Type 1 diabetes diagnosed before age 15 years in Canterbury, New Zealand: A 50 year record of increasing incidence

et al. 2022

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Objective To describe the epidemiology of pediatric type 1 diabetes over 50 years in Canterbury, New Zealand. Further, to explore variation in case presentation according to age, gender, ethnicity, urban/rural character, socio‐economic deprivation and immunogenetic features. Research Design and Methods Prospective ascertainment of cases commenced in 1982, and incident cases presenting 1970–1982 were ascertained retrospectively from clinical records. Eligibility criteria included diagnosis of type 1 diabetes by a physician and commencement of insulin therapy at diagnosis and age less than 15 years. Data collection included name, hospital number, date of birth, date of diagnosis, and date of initiation of insulin treatment. Full address at diagnosis was assigned an urban–rural classification, and a deprivation score. HLA‐DQ susceptibility alleles and diabetes associated autoantibodies were determined. Results The incidence of type 1 diabetes increased more than 5‐fold (3.9% per annum) over 50 years for the entire cohort. The mean for 5‐year periods, starting from 1970, increased from 5.3 to 29.0 cases per 100,000 person years. Incidence was greatest in the 10–14 year age group. The cohort is predominantly European (89.4%), but there has been an increase in cases identifying as New Zealand Māori in the last three decades. Weak evidence was found for reduced incidence of type 1 diabetes in rural regions (adjusted IRR = 0.70, 95%CI 0.52 to 0.91, p = 0.011). Conclusions The incidence of type 1 diabetes in children aged less than 15 years continues to increase with time. Incidence was significantly affected by age, ethnicity, and urban/rural characterization of address at diagnosis.

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confidence: 78%

Type 1 diabetes diagnosed before age 15 years in Canterbury, New Zealand: A 50 year record of increasing incidence

et al. 2022

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“…99 Differences in incidence by ethnicity have also been observed in New Zealand. 111 The epidemiology of childhood T1D continues to change and evolve, with marked differences continuing to be observed between different countries and demographic groups within countries. The systematic, harmonized collection of robust, population-based data is vital for the ongoing monitoring of global patterns and trends in childhood T1D.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Type 1 Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…82 Despite wide global variation in the incidence of childhood onset T1D, increasing trends in incidence have been observed in most populations, with incidence increasing by an average of 3%-4% per year. 82,91,97,108 However, more recently, a slowing of this increasing trend and a plateauing of incidence has been reported by several moderate-high incidence countries including Finland, 88 Austria, 109 Germany, 110 Ireland, 106 Australia, 105 New Zealand, 111 Sweden. 107,108 Intriguingly, a sinusoidal pattern with 4-6-year intervals between peak incidence years has been reported in some European countries and Australia, 17,108,112,113 with no explanation for this non-linear pattern.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Type 1 Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, the United States SEARCH study, one of the few global studies to examine incidence rate trends of youth‐onset T1D by race/ethnicity, recently showed that the rate of increase is highest in Black and Hispanic youth, compared to non‐Hispanic White youth 99 . Differences in incidence by ethnicity have also been observed in New Zealand 111 …”

Section: Epidemiology Of Type 1 Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Definition, epidemiology, and classification of diabetes in children and adolescents

et al. 2022

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“…2 There have been reports of increasing incidence of T1D across all age groups world-wide, 3,4 with periodic reports in New Zealand showing similar trends in children under 15 years. [5][6][7][8][9] The incidence and prevalence of T1D in New Zealand has previously been shown to differ by region within the country. This geographical variation has been attributed to differences in the ethnic demographics of each region, as incidence is known to be highest among people of European ethnicity.…”

Section: What This Paper Addsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and incidence of type 1 diabetes in children aged 0–14 years old in New Zealand in 2021

Burnside

Davies

et al. 2023

J Paediatrics Child Health

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Aim National prevalence and incidence data are important for understanding population trends and allocating health‐care resources. We aimed to provide a current national snapshot of prevalence and annual incidence rates for children aged 0–14 with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Aotearoa New Zealand and to identify differences associated with demographic variables. Methods Paediatric diabetes centres across Aotearoa were invited to record anonymised demographic and diabetes data on children under their services between 1 October 2020 and 30 September 2021. National prevalence and incidence were calculated using usually resident population counts from the 2018 census. The effect of ethnicity on prevalence and incidence was assessed using Poisson regression. Results There were 1209 children aged 0–14 with T1D in October 2021. The national prevalence was 131/100 000 (95% confidence interval (CI) 124–139). European children had twice the prevalence as those of Māori or Pacific ethnicity (P < 0.001). There was no effect by gender (P = 0.3) and prevalence predictably increased with age. The annualised incidence of T1D was 23/100 000 (95% CI 20–26). European children were 2.6 times as likely as Māori children to be diagnosed with T1D in that year (incidence rate ratio = 2.6, 95% CI 1.7–4.2). Regional differences in prevalence and incidence were noted, potentially due to the ethnicity differences across regions. Unadjusted prevalence and incidence decreased with lower socio‐economic status, likely due to an over‐representation of non‐Europeans living in the most deprived areas. Conclusions T1D affects an ethnically diverse population in Aotearoa and important regional differences exist that may impact workforce planning.

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Evidence of a plateau in the incidence of type 1 diabetes in children 0–4 years of age from a regional pediatric diabetes center; Auckland, New Zealand: 1977–2019

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Type 1 diabetes diagnosed before age 15 years in Canterbury, New Zealand: A 50 year record of increasing incidence

Type 1 diabetes diagnosed before age 15 years in Canterbury, New Zealand: A 50 year record of increasing incidence

ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Definition, epidemiology, and classification of diabetes in children and adolescents

Prevalence and incidence of type 1 diabetes in children aged 0–14 years old in New Zealand in 2021

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