Evidence of a significant secretory-IgA-dominant SARS-CoV-2 immune response in human milk following recovery from COVID-19

Fox, Alisa; Marino, Jessica; Amanat, Fatima; Krammer, Florian; Hahn‐Holbrook, Jennifer; Zolla‐Pazner, Susan; Powell, Rebecca

doi:10.1101/2020.05.04.20089995

Cited by 75 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…No replication-competent virus was detectable in SARS CoV2 positive breast milk sample, in another report of 64 samples tested from 18 COVID 19 positive mothers [51]. Secretory IgA has been found in breast milk of COVID 19 infected mothers [52] but the strength and durability of the same have not been determined yet. To consider breast milk as potentially infectious, the presence of replicative COVID 19 virus in cell culture needs to be documented in future studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical profile, viral load, management and outcome of neonates born to COVID 19 positive mothers: a tertiary care centre experience from India

et al. 2020

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Despite rapidly evolving knowledge about COVID 19 infection, routes of perinatal COVID 19 transmission and viral load in mother neonate dyad remain uncertain. Data were analysed to describe the clinicodemographic profile and viral load in neonates born to COVID 19 positive mothers. Of 2947 deliveries, 69 mothers were COVID 19 positive (2.3%), with 1 abortion, 2 macerated stillbirths and 2 fresh stillbirths as pregnancy outcomes. Of 65 tested neonates, 10.7% (7) were confirmed COVID 19 positive by RTPCR (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction). Viral load (cycle threshold, Ct of E, RDRp) in neonates was comparable with the Ct reported from adults; however, neonates had milder clinical manifestations. All 7 neonates who tested positive for COVID 19 were subsequently discharged. Six of the 7 neonates were asymptomatic and 1 neonate needed respiratory support (indication being prematurity) which resolved after 48 h. Maternal and neonatal comparison of Ct of E and RdRp gene was statistically non-significant (25.97 vs 19.68, p = 0.34 and 26.5 vs 25.0, p = 0.84). Viral loads of mothers with COVID 19 positive neonates compared with mothers with COVID 19 negative neonates for E and RdRp gene were also statistically non-significant (25 vs 27.19, p = 0.63 and 19.6 vs 27.6, p = 0.08). The majority (93%) of neonates tested later than 48 h (roomed in with mother and breastfed) tested negative. Conclusion: The study supports milder manifestation in COVID 19 positive neonates. Risk of transmission from COVID 19 positive mother to neonate by rooming-in and breastfeeding is low. In this study on a limited number of neonates, maternal viral load was not found to be associated with the positivity status or severity of the illness of neonate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical profile, viral load, management and outcome of neonates born to COVID 19 positive mothers: a tertiary care centre experience from India

et al. 2020

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“…SARS-CoV-2-specific blood IgA had a similar median seroconversion time to that of IgM at 5 days after symptom onset (Guo et al, 2020). Secretory IgA was also measured in milk samples from SARS-CoV-2 infected donors and 80% of the samples exhibited both blood and secretory IgA reactivity, indicating efficient induction of secretory IgA (Fox et al, 2020).…”

Section: Humoral Responses To Sars-cov-2 Infection In Covid-19 Patientsmentioning

confidence: 82%

<strong>Antibody Response and Therapy in COVID-19 Patients: Significance in Vaccine Development</strong>

Lu¹,

Zhang²,

Zhan³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected millions of people and caused tremendous morbidity and mortality worldwide. Effective treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2 infection is lacking and different therapeutic strategies are under testing. Host humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection is a critical determinant for patients’ outcome. SARS-CoV-2 infection results in seroconversion and production of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The antibodies may suppress viral replication through neutralization but also might also participate in COVID-19 pathogenesis through a process termed antibody-dependent enhancement. Rapid progress has been made in the research of antibody response and therapy in COVID-19 patients including characterization of the clinical features of antibody responses in different populations infected by SARS-CoV-2, treatment of COVID-19 patients with convalescent plasma and intravenous immunoglobin products, isolation and characterization of a large panel of monoclonal neutralizing antibodies, as well as preliminary clinical results from several COVID-19 vaccine candidates. In this review, we summarize the recent progress and discuss the implications of these findings in vaccine development.

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“…The detection of the immunoglobulin A immune response in breastmilk after SARS-CoV-2 infection suggests that it is possible that breastmilk could provide infants with passive protection against SARS-CoV-2. 73 The act of breastfeeding, in addition to the breastmilk itself, provides the mother and baby with multiple short-term and long-term health and psychological benefits. 74 In uninfected infants, a balance between preventing infection and the benefits of breastfeeding need to be considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of guidelines and recommendations from 17 countries highlights the challenges that clinicians face caring for neonates born to mothers with COVID‐19

et al. 2020

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Evidence of a significant secretory-IgA-dominant SARS-CoV-2 immune response in human milk following recovery from COVID-19

Cited by 75 publications

References 24 publications

Clinical profile, viral load, management and outcome of neonates born to COVID 19 positive mothers: a tertiary care centre experience from India

Clinical profile, viral load, management and outcome of neonates born to COVID 19 positive mothers: a tertiary care centre experience from India

<strong>Antibody Response and Therapy in COVID-19 Patients: Significance in Vaccine Development</strong>

Review of guidelines and recommendations from 17 countries highlights the challenges that clinicians face caring for neonates born to mothers with COVID‐19

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