Evidence of an in vitro Coupled Diffusion Mechanism of Lesion Formation within Microcosm Dental Plaque

Owens, Gareth; Lynch, Richard J.M.; Hope, Christopher K.; Cooper, Lee; Higham, Susan; Valappil, Sabeel P.

doi:10.1159/000456015

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…Other interesting finding of this study was the higher number of typical subsurface lesions produced by the static compared with the semi-dynamic model. This corroborates Owens, et al 21 (2017), who showed semi-dynamic biofilm model induced less evident subsurface layer, while Arthur, et al 22 (2013) found well-defined subsurface lesions for the static model. The flow in semi-dynamic model may have also washed away free calcium and phosphate from biofilm, reducing their availability to precipitate on the lesion surface.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Comparison between static and semi-dynamic models for microcosm biofilm formation on dentin

et al. 2019

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Microcosm biofilm has been applied to induce carious lesions in dentin. However, no study has been done to compare the impact of the type of model for providing nutrients to microcosm biofilm formation on dentin.ObjectiveThis study compared the performance of two kinds of models (static and semi-dynamic) on the biofilm formation and the development of dentin carious lesions.Material and MethodsIn both models, biofilm was produced using inoculum from pooled human saliva mixed with McBain saliva for the first 8 h (5% CO2 and 37°C). Afterwards, for the static model, the samples were placed in 24-wells microplate containing McBain saliva with 0.2% sucrose, which was replaced at 24 h. In the semi-dynamic model, the samples were submitted to artificial mouth system with continuous flow of McBain saliva with 0.2% sucrose (0.15 ml/min, 37°C) for 10 h a day (for the other 14 h, no flow was applied, similarly to the static model). After 5 days, biofilm viability was measured by fluorescence and dentin demineralization by transverse microradiography.ResultsBiofilm viability was significantly lower for the static compared with semi-dynamic model, while dentin demineralization was significantly higher for the first one (p<0.05). The static model was able to produce a higher number of typical subsurface lesions compared with the semi-dynamic model (p<0.05).ConclusionsThe type of model (static and semi-dynamic) applied in the microcosm biofilm may have influence on it's viability and the severity/profile of dentin carious lesions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Comparison between static and semi-dynamic models for microcosm biofilm formation on dentin

et al. 2019

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“…In vitro model systems have been previously used to evaluate the effects of various interventions, including triclosan ( 36 – 38 ), chlorhexidine ( 39 – 41 ), and enzymes ( 42 ), on dental plaques in vitro and to model caries-like lesions ( 43 ). These approaches have provided useful insights into the mode of action and bacteriological effects of a variety of antiplaque agents within steady-state in vitro plaque systems ( 40 , 44 , 45 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arginine Exposure Decreases Acidogenesis in Long-Term Oral Biofilm Microcosms

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Mistry

Sreenivasan

et al. 2017

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Arginine is used in dental health formulations to help prevent dental cavities. This study assessed the effects of the long-term dosing of laboratory dental plaques with an arginine dentifrice. Data indicate that the addition of arginine dentifrice during sucrose challenge significantly increased plaque pH, thus potentially mitigating cariogenesis. Several functional groups of bacteria associated with tooth decay were significantly decreased in the laboratory plaques during exposure to the arginine dentifrice.

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“…As the use of starch within the CDFF is novel it was decided to use a concentration of 2% to match the sucrose source. Volumes of 2% sucrose and 2% starch were prepared and autoclaved at a lower temperature of 116°C and 1900 mBar to prevent any sugar degradation [ 4 ]. All other equipment including the CDFF units and silicon pipes were autoclaved at 121°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To the best of our knowledge, there have been no studies into the cariogenicity of starch using the constant depth film fermenter (CDFF) model system rather than using sucrose exclusively as a means of inducing an acid response by the oral bacteria [ 4 – 6 ]. By employing two constant depth film fermenters in parallel as a dual setup (dCDFF) [ 5 ] it is possible to directly compare sucrose with starch whilst ensuring all other factors are equal, including artificial saliva sources and inoculum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dCDFF allows control of substrate, medium composition, application of medium and depth of biofilm, which is generally set to 200 μm [ 10 , 11 ] or 300 μm [ 12 ]. Bovine enamel was used throughout this study as the substrate as it is generally accepted as a suitable replacement for human enamel despite minor differences in porosity and structure [ 13 ] and has been used in other CDFF experiments [ 4 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The cariogenic effect of starch on oral microcosm grown within the dual constant depth film fermenter

et al. 2021

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Evidence on the link between starch intake and caries incidence is conflicting, therefore the cariogenicity of starch compared with sucrose was explored using a dual Constant Depth Film Fermenter (dCDFF) biotic model system. Bovine enamel discs were used as a substrate and the dCDFF was inoculated using human saliva. CDFF units were supplemented with artificial saliva growth media at a constant rate to mimic resting salivary flow rate over 14 days. The CDFF units were exposed to different conditions, 2% sucrose or 2% starch 8 times daily and either no additional fluoride or 1450 ppm F- twice daily. Bovine enamel discs were removed at intervals (days 3, 7, 10 and 14) for bacterial enumeration and enamel analysis using Quantitative Light Induced Fluorescence (QLF) and Transverse Microradiography (TMR). Results showed that in the absence of fluoride there was generally no difference in mineral loss between enamel exposed to either sucrose or starch when analysed using TMR and QLF (P > 0.05). In the presence of fluoride by day 14 there was significantly more mineral loss under starch than sucrose when analysed with TMR (P < 0.05). It was confirmed that starch and sucrose are similarly cariogenic within the dCDFF in the absence of fluoride. With the aid of salivary amylase, the bacteria utilise starch to produce an acidic environment similar to that of bacteria exposed to sucrose only. In the presence of fluoride, starch was more cariogenic which may be due to the bacteria producing a more hydrophobic intercellular matrix lowering the penetration of fluoride through the biofilm. This is significant as it indicates that the focus on sugars being the primary cause of caries may need re-evaluating and an increase in focus on carbohydrates is needed as they may be similarly cariogenic as sugars if not more so.

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Evidence of an in vitro Coupled Diffusion Mechanism of Lesion Formation within Microcosm Dental Plaque

Cited by 5 publications

References 48 publications

Comparison between static and semi-dynamic models for microcosm biofilm formation on dentin

Comparison between static and semi-dynamic models for microcosm biofilm formation on dentin

Arginine Exposure Decreases Acidogenesis in Long-Term Oral Biofilm Microcosms

The cariogenic effect of starch on oral microcosm grown within the dual constant depth film fermenter

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