Evidence of biotic resistance to invasions in forests of the Eastern USA

Iannone, Basil V.; Potter, Kevin M.; Hamil, Kelly-Ann Dixon; Huang, Whitney K.; Zhang, Hao; Guo, Qinfeng; Oswalt, Christopher M.; Woodall, Christopher W.; Fei, Songlin

doi:10.1007/s10980-015-0280-7

Cited by 71 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…While coarse deer density estimates such as those contained in the QDMA (2009) report may provide useful indicators of trends in deer herbivory as noted here, careful attention should be paid to the years in which deer density estimates are used to compare with forest understory measurements. Within the FIA program, a subset of invasive plant species are monitored across P2 plots which could be linked to biological resistance with a suite of forest attributes across regional scales (e.g., Oswalt et al, 2015;Iannone et al, 2016). Currently, FIA field crews are directly recording deer browse severity as a part of a new regeneration indicator (McWilliams et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between white-tailed deer density and the composition of forest understories in the northern United States

Russell

Woodall

Potter

et al. 2017

Forest Ecology and Management

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Woodall, Christopher W.; Potter, Kevin M.; Walters, Brian F.; Domke, Grant M.; and Oswalt, Christopher M., "Interactions between white-tailed deer density and the composition of forest understories in the northern United States" (2017 a b s t r a c tForest understories across the northern United States (US) are a complex of tree seedlings, endemic forbs, herbs, shrubs, and introduced plant species within a forest structure defined by tree and forest floor attributes. The substantial increase in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmerman) populations over the past decades has resulted in heavy browse pressure in many of these forests. To gain an objective assessment of the role of deer in forested ecosystems, a region-wide forest inventory across the northern US was examined in concert with white-tailed deer density information compiled at broad scales. Results indicate that deer density may be an additional driver of tree seedling abundance when analyzed along with stand attributes such as aboveground biomass, relative density, and stand age. Tree seedling abundance generally decreased as deer density increased above 5.8 deer km 2 for all forest type groups with the exception of oak-dominated forests. Findings indicate that introduced plant species, of which 393 were recorded in this study, increased in areas with higher deer density. The abundance of whitetailed deer is just as important as forest stand and site attributes in the development of forest understories. Given the complexity of forest and land use dynamics across the northern US, this study provides directions for future research as more data linking forest-dependent wildlife and forest dynamics at regional and national scales become available.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between white-tailed deer density and the composition of forest understories in the northern United States

Russell

Woodall

Potter

et al. 2017

Forest Ecology and Management

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“…), invasion resistance (Iannone et al. ), and nutrient acquisition and cycling (Zeugin et al. ), among other processes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen deposition and climate change effects on tree species composition and ecosystem services for a forest cohort

Houtven

Phelan

Clark

et al. 2019

Ecological Monographs

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The composition of forests in the northeastern United States and the ecosystem services they provide to future generations will depend on several factors. In this paper, we isolate the effects of two environmental drivers, nitrogen (N) deposition and climate (temperature and precipitation) change, through an analysis of a single cohort of 24 dominant tree species. We assembled a tree database using data from U.S. Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis monitoring plots. Applying observed species‐specific growth and survival responses, we simulated how forest stands in a 19‐state study area would change from 2005 to 2100 under 12 different future N deposition–climate scenarios. We then estimated implications for three selected forest ecosystem services: merchantable timber, aboveground carbon sequestration, and tree diversity. Total tree biomass (for 24 species combined) was positively associated with both increased N deposition and temperatures; however, due to differences in the direction and magnitude of species‐specific responses, forest composition varied across scenarios. For example, red maple ( Acer rubrum ) trees gained biomass under scenarios with more N deposition and more climate change, whereas biomass of yellow birch ( Betula alleghaniensis ) and red pine ( Pinus resinosa ) was negatively affected. Projections for ecosystem services also varied across scenarios. Carbon sequestration, which is positively associated with biomass accumulation, increased with N deposition and increasing climate change. Total timber values also increased with overall biomass; however, scenarios with increasing climate change tended to favor species with lower merchantable value, whereas more N deposition favored species with higher merchantable value. Tree species diversity was projected to decrease with greater changes in climate (warmer temperatures), especially in the northwestern, central, and southeastern portions of the study area. In contrast, the effects of N deposition on diversity varied greatly in magnitude and direction across the study area. This study highlights species‐specific and regional effects of N deposition and climate change in northeastern U.S. forests, which can inform management decision for air quality and forests in the region, as well as climate policy. It also provides a foundation for future studies that may incorporate other important factors such as multiple cohorts, sulfur deposition, insects, and diseases.

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“…Functional and phylogenetic clustering or overdispersion is often used to infer community assembly and, in some cases, community resistance to invasions (e.g., Iannone et al. ). In our analysis, functional and phylogenetic diversity per se played a more important role in shaping alien diversity patterns, while clustering or overdispersion had little to no added value in our analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Iannone et al. () showed that increased phylogenetic clustering limits alien species dominance and establishment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untangling the positive association of phylogenetic, functional, and taxonomic diversity with alien bird species richness

et al. 2020

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Understanding the ecological mechanisms behind biological invasions remains a major focus of conservation biology and ecosystem management. Several hypotheses highlight that different facets of native biodiversity affect the establishment and spread of alien species. Here, we approach this question by examining the spatiotemporal relationship between alien bird species richness and different facets of biodiversity (taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic) using breeding bird atlases for three U.S. states and for two time periods in each state. We associated native species richness, and functional and phylogenetic diversity with alien species richness, using generalized least squares models. Our results show that, consistently, across the three states and two time periods examined, alien species richness is positively associated with native diversity, and particularly with phylogenetic diversity. The relative importance of biodiversity metrics reflecting the functional or phylogenetic range occupied by the assemblage seems to advocate in favor of the importance of resource diversity as a main driver of both native and alien diversity. The secondary importance of biodiversity facets reflecting species functional or phylogenetic similarity, along with the lack of importance of functional or phylogenetic clustering or overdispersion, implies that if this relationship is shaped by biotic interactions, then biotic interactions facilitating coexistence (including even processes like predator‐mediated coexistence) are far more important than adversarial interactions like competition, at least at the scale of our analysis. Finally, the dominance of phylogenetic metrics over functional ones highlights the adaptive potential of a community accumulated over long lineage history may play an additional role as a source of information on evolutionary processes driving diversity patterns.

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Evidence of biotic resistance to invasions in forests of the Eastern USA

Cited by 71 publications

References 64 publications

Interactions between white-tailed deer density and the composition of forest understories in the northern United States

Interactions between white-tailed deer density and the composition of forest understories in the northern United States

Nitrogen deposition and climate change effects on tree species composition and ecosystem services for a forest cohort

Untangling the positive association of phylogenetic, functional, and taxonomic diversity with alien bird species richness

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