Evidence of changing concentrations of atmospheric CO2, N2O and CH4 from air bubbles in Antarctic ice

Pearman, G. I.; Etheridge, D. M.; Silva, F. de; Fraser, Paul J.

doi:10.1038/320248a0

Cited by 203 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…On a mass basis, the global warming potential of methane on a 20-yr time horizon is estimated to be 62 times that of carbon dioxide (Houghton et al 1994). Measurements made with ice cores indicate that the concentration of this gas has been increasing rapidly since the start of the industrial age, currently at a rate of about 0.8% annually (Pearman et al 1986;Pearman and Frazer 1988;Lelieveld et al 1993). The current atmospheric methane concentration is about 1.7 parts per million (vol/vol).…”

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confidence: 99%

Soils as sources and sinks for atmospheric methane

Topp¹,

Pattey²

1997

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

194

115

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1997. Soils as sources and sinks for atmospheric methane. Can. J. Soil Sci. 77: 167-178. Methane is considered to be a significant greenhouse gas. Methane is produced in soils as the end product of the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter. In the absence of oxygen, methane is very stable, but under aerobic conditions it is mineralized to carbon dioxide by methanotrophic bacteria. Soil methane emissions, primarily from natural wetlands, landfills and rice paddies, are estimated to represent about half of the annual global methane production. Oxidation of atmospheric methane by well-drained soils accounts for about 10% of the global methane sink. Whether a soil is a net source or sink for methane depends on the relative rates of methanogenic and methanotrophic activity. A number of factors including pH, Eh, temperature and moisture content influence methane transforming bacterial populations and soil fluxes. Several techniques are available for measuring methane fluxes. Flux estimation is complicated by spatial and temporal variability. Soil management can impact methane transformations. For example, landfilling of organic matter can result in significant methane emissions, whereas some cultural practices such as nitrogen fertilization inhibit methane oxidation by agricultural soils.Key words: Methane, methanogenesis, methane oxidation, soil, flux measurement Topp, E. et Pattey, E. 1997. Le sol considéré comme source d'émission de méthane dans l'atmosphère. Can. J. Soil Sci. 77: 167-178. Le méthane est considéré comme gaz à effet de serre important : c'est le produit terminal de la décomposition de la matière organique en conditions anaérobies. En l'absence d'oxygène, il est très stable, mais en aérobiose, il est minéralisé en gaz carbonique par les bactéries méthanotrophes. Les émissions de méthane provenant surtout des terres humides naturelles, des décharges et des rizières représenteraient environ la moitié de la production annuelle de méthane dans la planète. Par ailleurs l'oxydation de méthane de l'atmosphère par les sols bien drainés compteraient pour environ 10 % du méthane stocké. Que le sol soit une source ou un puits d'accumulation nette de méthane, dépend des taux relatifs des activités méthanogéniques et méthan-otrophiques. Un certain nombre de facteurs, notamment, pH, Eh, la température et le niveau hydrique du sol, influent sur les populations bactériennes qui transforment le méthane ainsi que sur le flux de méthane dans le sol. On dispose de plusieurs techniques pour mesurer le flux de méthane, mais l'estimation de ces flux est compliquée par leur variabilité dans le temps et dans l'espace. Il y a aussi le mode de conduite du sol : ainsi par exemple, la mise en décharge des matières organiques peut provoquer d'importantes émissions de méthane, mais l'inverse quelques pratiques culturales comme le fumier et la fumure azotée entravent l'oxydation du méthane par les terres agricoles.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Soils as sources and sinks for atmospheric methane

Topp¹,

Pattey²

1997

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

194

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…On a mole-per-mole basis, methane has 26 times more infrared radiative heating effect than carbon dioxide (Lelieveld and Crutzen 1992). Studies with ice cores have revealed that the atmospheric concentration of this gas has been increasing rapidly since the start of the industrial age (Pearman et al 1986). The major natural sources of methane include enteric fermentations in ruminants and certain insects, and the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter in waterlogged soils (Blake and Rowland 1988;Pearman and Frazer 1988;Crutzen 1991).…”

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confidence: 99%

Methane and carbon dioxide fluxes from poorly drained adjacent cultivated and forest sites

Lessard¹,

Rochette²,

Topp³

et al. 1994

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

145

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Methane and carbon dioxide fluxes at the soil surface were measured from April to November 1992 in Ottawa, on adjacent cultivated (corn) and forest (temperate woodland) sites using closed chambers (10 chambers per site). The objectives were to quantify the spatial and temporal variability of gas exchange rates, and to determine the effects of soil temperature and moisture on the fluxes. On the forest soil, rates of CO2 emissions and CH4 uptake ranged from 2.27 to 14.82 g m−2 d−1 and from 0.04 to 1.10 mg m−2 d−1, respectively. On the cultivated soil, the measured CO2 fluxes varied from 0.27 to 7.07 g m−2 d−1 while methane uptake ranged from 0 to 0.13 mg m−2 d−1. There was a positive correlation between soil surface CO2 fluxes and soil temperature for the forest (R2 = 0.74, s(ŷ) = 1.77 g m−2 d−1) and the cultivated (R2 = 0.48, s(ŷ) = 1.10 g m−2 d−1) sites. Temperature had little effect on methane uptake by the forest soil suggesting that gas diffusion was rate limiting. This was further substantiated by the observation that methane uptake showed a strong negative correlation with soil water content (R2 = 0.79, s(ŷ) = 0.12 mg m−2 d−1). The spatial variability for methane uptake in the forest soil was found to be much larger than that previously observed for soil carbon dioxide production but is lower than that reported for nitrous oxide production. For fluxes larger than 0.15 mg m−2 d−1, the number of sites necessary to estimate the average flux with a precision of 10% (α = 0.05) ranged from 7 to 452. Key words: Greenhouse gas, methane oxidation, soil respiration, spatial variability

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“…In 1958 this value was of 315 ppm, increasing to 410 ppm in 2017, a concentration unseen since 50 million years ago [8], Methane and Nitrogen gas have increased by 8% and 90%, respectively, from the 1600s to the late 1980s [9]. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency [10], current concentrations of CO 2 , NH 4 , and N 2 are unprecedented when compared with the past 800,000 years.…”

Section: Opinionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Late Mangos: Is There Any Doubt Humans Are Inducing Climate Change?

Goulart¹

2017

BJSTR

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Evidence of changing concentrations of atmospheric CO2, N2O and CH4 from air bubbles in Antarctic ice

Cited by 203 publications

References 16 publications

Soils as sources and sinks for atmospheric methane

Soils as sources and sinks for atmospheric methane

Methane and carbon dioxide fluxes from poorly drained adjacent cultivated and forest sites

The Late Mangos: Is There Any Doubt Humans Are Inducing Climate Change?

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