Evidence of estrogenic endocrine disruption in smallmouth and largemouth bass inhabiting Northeast U.S. national wildlife refuge waters: A reconnaissance study

Iwanowicz, Luke R.; Blazer, Vicki S.; Pinkney, Alfred E.; Guy, Christopher P.; Major, A.M.; Munney, Kenneth; Mierzykowski, Steven E.; Lingenfelser, Susan F.; Secord, Anne L.; Patnode, Kathleen A.; Kubiak, Timothy J.; Stern, Cindy; Hahn, Cassidy M.; Iwanowicz, Deborah D.; Walsh, Heather L.; Sperry, Adam J.

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.09.035

Cited by 44 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…Similarly, TO density was associated with watershed development and human population density but also with each of the biometric characteristics evaluated. Hepatosomatic index has been associated with Vtg induction by EDC exposure in rainbow trout [46], although there is likely not a causal relationship between Vtg and TOs [10,26]. Weight, length, and age have no obvious relationship with EDC exposure.…”

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confidence: 96%

Testicular oocytes in smallmouth bass in northeastern Minnesota in relation to varying levels of human activity

Kadlec

Johnson

Mount

et al. 2017

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Testicular oocytes (TOs) have been found in black bass (Micropterus spp.) from many locations in North America. The presence of TOs is often assumed to imply exposure to estrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs); however, a definitive causal relationship has yet to be established, and TO prevalence is not consistently low in fish from areas lacking evident EDC sources. This might indicate any of a number of situations: 1) unknown or unidentified EDCs or EDC sources, 2) induction of TOs by other stressors, or 3) testicular oocytes occurring spontaneously during normal development. In the present study, we analyzed TO occurrence in smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) from 8 populations in northeastern Minnesota watersheds with differing degrees of human development and, hence, presumed likelihood of exposure to anthropogenic chemicals. Three watersheds were categorized as moderately developed, based on the presence of municipal wastewater discharges and higher human population density (4-81 per km ), and 5 watersheds were minimally developed, with very low human population density (0-1 per km ) and minimal built environment. Testicular tissues from mature fish were evaluated using a semiquantitative method that estimated TO density, normalized by cross-sectional area. Testicular oocyte prevalence and density among populations from moderately developed watersheds was higher than in populations from minimally developed watersheds. However, TO prevalence was unexpectedly high and variable (7-43%) in some populations from minimally developed watersheds, and only weak evidence was found for a relationship between TO density and watershed development, suggesting alternative or more complex explanations for TO presence in smallmouth bass from this region. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:3424-3435. © 2017 SETAC.

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confidence: 96%

Testicular oocytes in smallmouth bass in northeastern Minnesota in relation to varying levels of human activity

Kadlec

Johnson

Mount

et al. 2017

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…For example, exposure to EDCs contributes to an array of reproductive disorders in both humans (e.g., reduced fertility, abnormal development and function of reproductive organs, poor sperm quality, and cancer) [5][6][7][8] and fish (e.g., testicular oocytes or ''intersex,'' reduced recruitment, and elevated vitellogenin concentrations). 1,6,[9][10][11] Furthermore, we have shown that reproductive endpoints are observed in offspring of TCDD-lineage F2 male and control female spawnings, 4 indicating that transgenerational inheritance of TCDD reproductive toxicity in zebrafish occurs through the male germ line.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological and Transcriptomic Changes in Male Zebrafish Testes Due to Early Life Exposure to Low Level 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin

et al. 2016

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We have shown that zebrafish (Danio rerio) are an excellent model for evaluating the link between early life stage exposure to environmental chemicals and disease in adulthood and subsequent unexposed generations. Previously, we used this model to identify transgenerational effects of dioxin (2,3,7,) on skeletal development, sex ratio, and reproductive capacity. Transgenerational inheritance of TCDD toxicity, notably decreased reproductive capacity, appears to be mediated through the male germ line. Thus, we examine testicular tissue for structural and gene expression changes using histology, microarray, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Histological analysis revealed decreased spermatozoa with concurrent increase in spermatogonia, and decreased germinal epithelium thickness in TCDD-exposed males compared with controls. We also identified altered expression of genes associated with testis development, steroidogenesis, spermatogenesis, hormone metabolism, and xenobiotic response. Altered genes are in pathways involving lipid metabolism, molecular transport, small molecule biochemistry, cell morphology, and metabolism of vitamins and minerals. These data will inform future investigations to elucidate the mechanism of adult-onset and transgenerational infertility due to TCDD exposure in zebrafish.

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“…During the period 2008-2010, a reconnaissance of US Fish & Wildlife Service Northeast Region National Wildlife Refuges was conducted that used the prevalence of TOs in male bass as evidence of EEDC exposure. Results from that research identified male smallmouth bass with TO collected from New Jersey waters [24]. More specifically, a prevalence of 100% intersex was observed in smallmouth bass samples from the Wallkill River, NJ, USA collected during the fall.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Biological evidence of estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemical (EEDC) exposure in gonochoristic male fishes generally includes the morphological presentation of testicular oocytes (TOs), also known as intersex. Numerous, comprehensive surveys have been conducted that evaluate the prevalence of TOs in smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Many of these field evaluations have identified significant associations between the incidence and severity of TOs with land use or contaminants [19,25,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconnaissance of Surface Water Estrogenicity and the Prevalence of Intersex in Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus Dolomieu) Inhabiting New Jersey

Iwanowicz

Smalling

Blazer

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The observation of testicular oocytes in male fishes has been utilized as a biomarker of estrogenic endocrine disruption. A reconnaissance project led in the Northeastern United States (US) during the period of 2008-2010 identified a high prevalence of intersex smallmouth bass on or near US Fish & Wildlife Service National Wildlife Refuges that included the observation of 100% prevalence in smallmouth bass males collected from the Wallkill River, NJ, USA. To better assess the prevalence of intersex smallmouth bass across the state of New Jersey, a tiered reconnaissance approach was initiated during the fall of 2016. Surface water samples were collected from 101 (85 river, 16 lake/reservoir) sites across the state at base-flow conditions for estrogenicity bioassay screening. Detectable estrogenicity was observed at 90% of the sites and 64% were above the US Environmental Protection Agency trigger level of 1 ng/L. Median surface water estrogenicity was 1.8 ng/L and a maximum of 6.9 ng/L E2Eq BLYES was observed. Adult smallmouth bass were collected from nine sites, pre-spawn during the spring of 2017. Intersex was identified in fish at all sites, and the composite intersex prevalence was 93.8%. Prevalence across sites ranged from 70.6% to 100%. In addition to intersex, there was detectable plasma vitellogenin in males at all sites. Total estrogenicity in surface water was determined at these fish collection sites, and notable change over time was observed. Correlation analysis indicated significant positive correlations between land use (altered land; urban + agriculture) and surface water estrogenicity. There were no clear associations between land use and organismal metrics of estrogenic endocrine disruption (intersex or vitellogenin). This work establishes a baseline prevalence of intersex in male smallmouth bass in the state of New Jersey at a limited number of locations and identifies a number of waterbodies with estrogenic activity above an effects-based threshold.on results from discrete grab surface water samples (methods below), in combination with land-use gradients, spatial distributions and the availability of viable fish populations, we identified 9 sites for the collection of smallmouth bass. These locations included reservoirs, lakes and sites along the Delaware River. For more information on sampling locations, see [31]. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, x 3 of 17 9 sites for the collection of smallmouth bass. These locations included reservoirs, lakes and sites along the Delaware River. For more information on sampling locations, see [31].

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Evidence of estrogenic endocrine disruption in smallmouth and largemouth bass inhabiting Northeast U.S. national wildlife refuge waters: A reconnaissance study

Cited by 44 publications

References 50 publications

Testicular oocytes in smallmouth bass in northeastern Minnesota in relation to varying levels of human activity

Testicular oocytes in smallmouth bass in northeastern Minnesota in relation to varying levels of human activity

Histological and Transcriptomic Changes in Male Zebrafish Testes Due to Early Life Exposure to Low Level 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin

Reconnaissance of Surface Water Estrogenicity and the Prevalence of Intersex in Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus Dolomieu) Inhabiting New Jersey

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