Evidence of low prevalence of mycobacterial lymphadenitis in wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Poland

Witkowski, Lucjan; Orłowska, Blanka; Rzewuska, Magdalena; Czopowicz, Michał; Welz, Mirosław; Anusz, Krzysztof; Kita, Junji

doi:10.1186/s13028-017-0277-0

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In contrast, one of our more significant findings is that TB was identified in 21 of the 55 tested wild boar. The first confirmed TB case in a wild boar in the Bieszczady region was reported in 2012 (a single individual) [4]; before this time, no cases of TB had been detected [8,14]. The population density of wild boar was found to be 5-13 animals per 10 km 2 of forest in the period 2011-2017 (Forest Management Plan of the Stuposiany and Lutowiska Forest Inspectorate, 2015; Unpublished data, Stuposiany Forest Inspectorate).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological characterization of Mycobacterium caprae strains isolated from wildlife in the Bieszczady Mountains, on the border of Southeast Poland

et al. 2020

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Background The majority of animal tuberculosis (TB) cases reported in wildlife in Poland over the past 20 years have concerned the European bison inhabiting the Bieszczady Mountains in Southeast Poland: an area running along the border of Southeast Poland. As no TB cases have been reported in domestic animals in this region since 2005, any occurrence of TB in the free-living animals inhabiting this area might pose a real threat to local livestock and result in the loss of disease-free status. The aim of the study was to describe the occurrence of tuberculosis in the wildlife of the Bieszczady Mountains and determine the microbiological and molecular characteristics of any cultured strains. Lymph node samples were collected for analysis from 274 free-living animals, including European bison, red foxes, badgers, red deer, wild boar and roe deer between 2011 and 2017. Löwenstein–Jensen and Stonebrink media were used for culture. Molecular identification of strains was performed based on hsp65 sequence analysis, the GenoType®MTBC (Hain Lifescience, Germany) test, spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR analysis. Results Mycobacterium caprae was isolated from the lymph nodes of 21 out of 55 wild boar (38.2%; CI 95%: 26.5%, 51.4%) and one roe deer. Since 2014, no new TB cases have been reported in the Bieszczady European bison population. Conclusions The identification of TB in wild boar in the Bieszczady is an alarming phenomenon, which requires further investigation. The Bieszczady mountains are a precious, unique area, home to many protected species. However, it is also the only area in Poland where TB cases have been reported in free-living animals. The occurrence of TB in wild boar inhabiting this area might pose a real threat to local livestock and many of the protected species (for example European bison that can share feeding places with wild boar). Given this situation, ongoing monitoring of the prevalence of TB should be conducted, and protective measures should be considered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological characterization of Mycobacterium caprae strains isolated from wildlife in the Bieszczady Mountains, on the border of Southeast Poland

et al. 2020

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“…Wild animals play an important role in the epidemiology of infectious diseases as reservoirs of several zoonotic and nonzoonotic diseases [1] . It has been clearly shown that wild boars can act as reservoirs for a long list of zoonotic bacterial agents [2] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular evidence of Rickettsia slovaca in spleen of wild boars in northeastern Algeria

Zeroual¹,

Leulmi

Bitam

et al. 2018

New Microbes and New Infections

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Using molecular assays, Rickettsia slovaca, the agent of a spotted fever group rickettsiosis resulting in scalp eschar and neck lymphadenopathy after tick bite, was assessed in 92 spleens recovered from 117 wild boars hunted in the far northeast of Algeria. Rickettsia slovaca was detected in 5.4% of tested wild boar spleens. The presence of R. slovaca DNA in boar spleens questions the relationship that may exist between this bacterium and Sus scrofa algira, and its role in human infections.

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“…The 1% chlorhexidine decontamination and MOD9 culture protocol enabled the isolation of three non-tuberculous mycobacteria from five different wild boars with a prevalence of 5.05%, in the range of the previously reported 0% to 11.1% prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in wild boar faeces 10 . In the lymph nodes, prevalence is 16.8% in Spain 8 whereas no mycobacteria could be detected in lymph nodes in another study in Poland 32 the prevalence of mycobacteria in wild boar varies among wild boar population, density and environment. M. vaccae was initially cultivated from cows in Austria 33 and has previously been isolated in wild boars in Australia 9 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Mycobacteria fecal shedding in wild boars (Sus scrofa), South-eastern France

Fellag

Drancourt

Marié³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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11The recent recrudescence of tuberculosis in cattle has implicated wild boar as a 12 reservoir and vector of this disease, which led to the investigation of fecal shedding of 13 the causative Mycobacterium bovis. In the Provence region of France, wild boars are 14 very abundant, and the current study was carried out to assess the presence of 15 tuberculous and nontuberculous mycobacteria in feces of wild boar population. W e 16 developed an original protocol allowing the fast isolation of mycobacteria by 17 combining a 1%-chlorhexidine decontamination of fecal matter with culture on MOD9 18 medium. Colonies were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-19 of-flight mass spectrometry, combined with DNA sequencing. This protocol yielded 20 no tuberculous mycobacteria among ninety-nine wild boar fecal samples collected in 21 the Provence region. However, non-tuberculous mycobacteria were isolated from five 22 samples (5.05%), including Mycobacterium peregrinum, Mycobacterium vaccae and 23 Mycobacterium setense, the last species being previously unreported in the wild 24 boar; in addition to two positive samples for Nocardia spp. In conclusion, wild boars 25 in southeastern France are not shedding tuberculosis agents, but they could 26 constitute a reservoir of human non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis in selected 27 populations directly exposed to wild boars.28 29 Bovine tuberculosis is a zoonosis due to Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) affecting 30 both livestock and wild mammals 1 . Bovine tuberculosis is a contagious infection of 31 significant health and economic importance and eradication programs have been 32 implemented in a number of developed countries 1,2 . These programs yielded a 33 remarkable reduction of the incidence of the disease 1,3 . 34 However, the wide distribution of M. bovis in wildlife is a major obstacle to the 35 eradication of tuberculosis in cattle 2,3 . In numerous countries, bovine tuberculosis is 36 maintained by multi-host systems involving cattle and wild mammals 2-4 . While the 37 role of the red deer (Cervus elaphus) remains controversial 3 , the European badger 38 (Meles meles) in Great Britain and Ireland and the wild boar (Sus scrofa) in the 39 Iberian Peninsula are acknowledged reservoirs for M. bovis 3,5 . The later species is 40 also recognized as a host for other Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, including 41 Mycobacterium microti 6 and Mycobacterium caprae 7 . In addition, non-tuberculous 42 mycobacteria that are widely distributed in the environment are not uncommon in wild 43 boars, where they were isolated from lymph nodes 8 and feces 9,10 . These non-44 tuberculous mycobacteria have been identified as emerging human pathogens, 45 especially in immunocompromised patients 11,12 . 46 Accordingly, naturally infected wild boars excrete M. bovis mycobacteria by oro-47 nasal and digestive routes, with inocula above 10 3 colony-forming units (CFU)/g 13 . 48 Furthermore, it has been shown that M. bovis can persist in soil for several months 14 . 49 Interaction...

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Evidence of low prevalence of mycobacterial lymphadenitis in wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Poland

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

Epidemiological characterization of Mycobacterium caprae strains isolated from wildlife in the Bieszczady Mountains, on the border of Southeast Poland

Epidemiological characterization of Mycobacterium caprae strains isolated from wildlife in the Bieszczady Mountains, on the border of Southeast Poland

Molecular evidence of Rickettsia slovaca in spleen of wild boars in northeastern Algeria

Mycobacteria fecal shedding in wild boars (Sus scrofa), South-eastern France

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