Molecular evidence of Rickettsia slovaca in spleen of wild boars in northeastern Algeria

Zeroual, Fayçal; Leulmi, Hamza; Bitam, Idir; Benakhla, Ahmed

doi:10.1016/j.nmni.2018.03.008

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Nevertheless, if a local infection in the auricular tissues occurred, it persisted for a period time following the tick bite, since none of the wild boar with R. slovaca -positive tissues were found infested with ticks at the time of culling. In addition, the detection of R. slovaca in a liver sample might suggest a systemic circulation of the pathogen, which is in accordance with the finding of the pathogen in spleen tissues of wild boar from Algeria [ 51 ]. Further studies are needed to investigate this hypothesis and clarify whether the rickettsiemia in wild boar reaches a sufficient level for the bacterial transmission to ticks during the blood meals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Dermacentor marginatus and Dermacentor reticulatus, and Their Infection by SFG Rickettsiae and Francisella-Like Endosymbionts, in Mountain and Periurban Habitats of Northwestern Italy

Garcia-Vozmediano

Giglio

Ramassa³

et al. 2020

Veterinary Sciences

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We investigated the distribution of Dermacentor spp. and their infection by zoonotic bacteria causing SENLAT (scalp eschar neck lymphadenopathy) in Turin province, northwestern Italy. We collected ticks in a mountain and in a periurban park, from vegetation and different animal sources, and we sampled tissues from wild boar. Dermacentor marginatus (n = 121) was collected in both study areas, on vegetation, humans, and animals, while D. reticulatus (n = 13) was exclusively collected on wild boar from the periurban area. Rickettsia slovaca and Candidatus Rickettsia rioja infected 53.1% of the ticks, and R. slovaca was also identified in 11.3% of wild boar tissues. Bartonella spp. and Francisella tularensis were not detected, however, Francisella-like endosymbionts infected both tick species (9.2%). Our findings provide new insights on the current distribution of Dermacentor spp. and their infection with a spotted-fever group rickettsiae in the Alps region. Wild boar seem to play a major role in their eco-epidemiology and dispersion in the study area. Although further studies are needed to assess the burden of rickettsial diseases, our results highlight the risk of contracting SENLAT infection through Dermacentor spp. bites in the region.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Dermacentor marginatus and Dermacentor reticulatus, and Their Infection by SFG Rickettsiae and Francisella-Like Endosymbionts, in Mountain and Periurban Habitats of Northwestern Italy

Garcia-Vozmediano

Giglio

Ramassa³

et al. 2020

Veterinary Sciences

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“…and Ehrlichia species have not been reported yet in wild boar tissues (Kazimírová et al., 2018; Pereira et al., 2016; Silaghi et al., 2014), which agrees with our results. However, Anaplasma phagocytophilum has been reported in wild boars from northeastern European countries (Kazimírová et al., 2018; Petrovec et al., 2003; Silaghi et al., 2014); and different species of Rickettsia and Babesia have been detected in wild boars from Italy or Algeria (Selmi et al., 2009; Tampieri et al., 2008; Zanet et al., 2014; Zeroual et al., 2018). Last, C. burnetii has been previously found in wild boar tissues only in endemic areas of Spain (Astobiza et al., 2011; Jado et al., 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ticks on wild boar in the metropolitan area of Barcelona (Spain) are infected with spotted fever group rickettsiae

Castillo‐Contreras

Magen

Birtles

et al. 2021

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Tick‐borne pathogens (TBPs) constitute an emerging public health concern favoured by multidimensional global changes. Amongst these, increase and spread of wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations are of special concern since this species can act as a reservoir of zoonotic pathogens and promote tick abundance. Thus, we aimed to make a first assessment of the risk by TBPs resulting from wild boar and ticks in the vicinity of a highly populated area. Between 2014 and 2016, we collected spleen samples and 2256 ticks from 261 wild boars (out of 438 inspected) in the metropolitan area of Barcelona (MAB; northeast Spain). We morphologically identified four tick species: Hyalomma lusitanicum (infestation prevalence: 33.6%), Dermacentor marginatus (26.9%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (18.9%) and R. bursa (0.2%). Ticks were pooled according to species and individual host. A total of 180 tick pools and 167 spleen samples were screened by real‐time PCR and/or reverse line blot hybridization assay for Ehrlichia sp., Anaplasma sp., Babesia sp., Rickettsia sp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Coxiella burnetii. Seventy‐two out of the 180 tick pools were positive to Rickettsia spp. (minimum prevalence of 8.7%), including Rickettsia massiliae, R. slovaca and R. raoultii. We did not detect Rickettsia spp. in wild boar spleens nor other TBPs in ticks or wild boars. Since the ticks identified can bite humans, and the recorded spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae are zoonotic pathogens, there is a risk of SFG rickettsiae transmission for MAB inhabitants. Our results suggest a broader distribution of H. lusitanicum, competent vector for the Crimean‐Congo haemorrhagic fever virus than previously known. Wild boar is not a Rickettsia spp. reservoir according to the spleen negative results. However, its abundance could favour tick life cycle and abundance, and its proximity to humans could promote the infection risk by Rickettsia spp.

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“…Both R. slovaca and Rickettsia raoultii are the causative agents of tick‐borne lymphadenopathy (TIBOLA), which is also called Dermacentor ‐borne necrosis erythema and lymphadenopathy (DEBONEL) (Parola et al., 2009; Raoult et al., 2002). In the Mediterranean basin, R. slovaca was molecularly detected in 66.7% of D. marginatus specimens recovered from wild boars (Leulmi et al., 2016), and in Algeria, a prevalence of 5.4% was reported in their spleen (Zeroual et al., 2018). Likewise, Lyme borreliosis is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spotted fever group rickettsiae inDermacentor marginatusfrom wild boars in Italy

Sgroi

Iatta

Lia

et al. 2020

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) are of increasing concern in public health worldwide (Otranto et al., 2015). Several sociodemographic factors, as agricultural strategies and wildlife management, deforestation and global warming are strongly involved in the alteration of ecosystems, affecting the tick-host interaction and the circulation of tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) (Dantas-Torres et al., 2013;Estrada-Peña & de la Fuente, 2014). Due to the restriction of natural habitats, urbanization may seriously change the composition of wildlife communities and their associated tick populations (Faeth et al., 2011). Human-induced environmental changes may inadvertently select for synanthropic wild mammals, driving the rise of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) (McFarlane et al., 2012). In this scenario, wild boars (Sus scrofa) have increased in terms of density throughout Europe, with high occurrence in several countries, including Italy (Pittiglio et al., 2018). The abundance of this mammal may seriously contribute to the maintenance of ticks in the environment in urban and peri-urban areas (Rizzoli et al., 2014) leading to a high risk of human exposure to them and the pathogens they transmit (Pfäffle et al., 2013).

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Molecular evidence of Rickettsia slovaca in spleen of wild boars in northeastern Algeria

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Dermacentor marginatus and Dermacentor reticulatus, and Their Infection by SFG Rickettsiae and Francisella-Like Endosymbionts, in Mountain and Periurban Habitats of Northwestern Italy

Dermacentor marginatus and Dermacentor reticulatus, and Their Infection by SFG Rickettsiae and Francisella-Like Endosymbionts, in Mountain and Periurban Habitats of Northwestern Italy

Ticks on wild boar in the metropolitan area of Barcelona (Spain) are infected with spotted fever group rickettsiae

Spotted fever group rickettsiae inDermacentor marginatusfrom wild boars in Italy

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