Evidence of microplastics pollution in coastal beaches and waters in southern Sri Lanka

Koongolla, J. Bimali; Andrady, Anthony L.; Kumara, P.B. Terney Pradeep; Gangabadage, Chinthaka Sanath

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.10.031

Cited by 99 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Density separation removes MPs from the rest of the sample, exploiting the floating properties of MPs in different solutions which need to be denser than MPs. Supernatant-containing MPs are collected and filtered (Barrows et al 2017) (Fig. 4).…”

Section: Density Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the final phase of the filtration procedure, filters can be rinsed with pure water, such as ultrapure water, to avoid the formation of salt crystals on the dry filters (Palatinus et al 2015). Filters are preserved in previously cleaned glass Petri dishes, and remaining solutions can be removed by an oven or a drier (40-70°C; Hall et al 2015) or at room temperature (Barrows et al 2017). The temperature must be carefully chosen since some plastics melt at temperatures lower than 70°C; however, most of the plastics melt at temperatures higher than 100°C (Sigma Aldrich 2019).…”

Section: Filtrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A good habit that is extremely useful for assessing sample contamination is placing a blank filter in a Petri dish close to the area where sampling and laboratory protocols occur, which must be left open during the entire process. Subsequently, the blank filter must go through the same analysis steps of the sample to compare them and eventually remove MPs found in the blank from the sample results (Lusher et al 2014;Barrows et al 2017). Another type of blank is the analysis of negative control (e.g., distilled water): the eventual MP content must be compared with the results from the analysis of the samples (Song et al 2015;Cai et al 2018).…”

Section: How To Avoid Sample Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microplastics in seawater: sampling strategies, laboratory methodologies, and identification techniques applied to port environment

Cutroneo

Reboa

Besio

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

127

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The European Interreg Italy-France 2014-2020 Maritime Project SPlasH! (Stop to Plastics in H 2 O!) focused on the study of microplastics (MPs) in the marine port environment to evaluate their presence, abundance, and mechanisms of diffusion to the open sea. In the framework of this project, a worldwide review of 74 studies was carried out, providing an overview of MP investigation techniques, focusing on sampling strategies, laboratory methodologies, and identification of MPs collected in seawater, and specifically evaluating their applicability to the marine port environment. Nets were the most commonly used device for MP surface sampling, but their use can be difficult in narrow spaces within the port basins, and they must be coupled to discrete sampling devices to cover all port basins. In the laboratory, density separation (NaCl, ZnCl 2 , NaI, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)), filtration (polycarbonate, polyamide, glass, cellulose, ANOPORE inorganic membrane filters), sieving, visual sorting, and digestion methods (acidic, enzymatic, alkaline, oxidative) were used to separate MPs from seawater. Digestion becomes essential with water samples with great inorganic and organic loads as deriving from a port. Although many studies are based only on visual MP identification under a microscope, analytical identification techniques unequivocally determine the particle nature and the identity of the plastic polymers and are necessary to validate the visual sorting of MPs. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is the most used analytical identification technique.

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Section: Density Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Filtrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: How To Avoid Sample Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microplastics in seawater: sampling strategies, laboratory methodologies, and identification techniques applied to port environment

Cutroneo

Reboa

Besio

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

127

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“…Color influences microplastic ingestion by selective marine species (Ory et al, 2017), reason why it is an important factor. The predominant colors reported on beaches and in coastal waters from Sri Lanka were blue (29%) and green (23%) (Koongolla et al, 2018).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundance and distribution of microplastics on sandy beaches of Lima, Peru

De-la-Torre

Dioses-Salinas

Castro

et al. 2020

Marine Pollution Bulletin

103

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Microplastic pollution is a problem of global scale, posing a threat to marine biota. To determine the current state of microplastic pollution on four popular sandy beaches of the coast of Lima, Peru, a sampling campaign was carried out in both intertidal and supralittoral zones. Microplastic abundance, type, size, color and distribution were recorded. The overall microplastic abundance was of the same order of magnitude as previous data obtained in Peru. Foams were the most abundant (78.3%) microplastic type. Statistical analyses revealed significant differences between sites and zones. High variability of microplastic abundance was found among adjacent beaches and zones. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed that all foams were identified as polystyrene. The present results revealed an alarming level of microplastics present on Peruvian sandy beaches, but information about the sources, local dynamics and impacts of microplastics in this region are scarce, and thus further research is needed.

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“…and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). In water and in sediment, the most abundant polymers are HDPE, LDPE, PE, PP, and PS (Sruthy and Ramasamy, 2016;Koongolla et al, 2018;Robin et al, 2020). However, all types of plastics were found in water and sediment samples (fibres, fragments, films, and pellets).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plastics in the Indian Ocean – sources, fate, distribution and impacts

Pattiaratchi¹,

Mheen²,

Schlundt³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. Plastic debris are the most common and exponentially increasing human pollutant in the world's oceans. The distribution and impact of plastics in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans have been the subject of many studies but not so for the Indian Ocean (IO). Some of the IO rim countries have the highest population densities in the world and mis-management of plastic waste is of concern in many of these IO rim states. Some of the highest plastic-polluted rivers end up in the IO with all this suggesting that the IO receives a tremendous amount of plastic debris each year. However, the concentration, distribution and impacts of plastics in the IO are poorly understood as the region is under-sampled compared to other oceans. In this review, we discuss sources and sinks, which are specific for the IO as well as unique atmospheric, oceanographic and topographic features of the IO such as reversing wind directions due to the monsoon, fronts and upwelling regions that control plastic distribution. We identified hotspots of possible plastic accumulation in the IO, which were different in the two hemispheres. In the northern Indian Ocean, the majority of the plastic material will most likely end up being beached due to the absence of a sub-tropical gyre, whereas in the southern Indian Ocean, the garbage patch is not well defined and there may be leakage of plastics into the southern Atlantic Ocean. Hotspots of predicted plastic accumulations are identified here as well as the vast knowledge gaps about the plastic issue of the IO and point to the most striking future investigation topics.

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Evidence of microplastics pollution in coastal beaches and waters in southern Sri Lanka

Cited by 99 publications

References 41 publications

Microplastics in seawater: sampling strategies, laboratory methodologies, and identification techniques applied to port environment

Microplastics in seawater: sampling strategies, laboratory methodologies, and identification techniques applied to port environment

Abundance and distribution of microplastics on sandy beaches of Lima, Peru

Plastics in the Indian Ocean – sources, fate, distribution and impacts

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