Evidence of neuroprotective effects of saffron and crocin in a Drosophila model of parkinsonism

Rao, Sriranjini Venkat; Muralidhara, .; Yenisetti, Sarat Chandra; Rajini, P.S.

doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2015.12.010

Cited by 79 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Studies have also shown that an increase in ROS and toxic exposure can result in a significant decrease in DA and increase in DOPAC level (Cao et al, ) while a significant increase in HVA has been reported in fluoxetine‐treated worms (Mennigen et al, ). Similar results have also been reported in mice and the Drosophila model of PD with acrylamide and rotenone (Girish and Muralidhara, ; Joseph and Muralidhara, ; Rao et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Glucose-rich diet aggravates monocrotophos-induced dopaminergic neuronal dysfunction inCaenorhabditis elegans

Salim

Rajini

2016

J. Appl. Toxicol.

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The present study aimed to obtain insights into the mechanism(s) by which glucose-rich diet aggravates monocrotophos (MCP)-induced dopaminergic neuronal dysfunction in Caenorhabditis elegans. In this study, we exposed three different strains of worms (wild-type N2, CB1112 (cat-2(e1112)II, tyrosine hydroxylase-deficient mutant, catecholamine absent) and the transgenic BZ555 (egls1-dat-1p::green fluorescent protein [GFP]) (in which bright GFP is tagged to the dopamine neuronal soma and processes) grown and maintained in normal nematode growth medium or 2% glucose enriched-nematode growth medium to MCP (0.75 mm) for 48 h. After the exposure, dopamine-mediated behaviors such as repulsion to nonanone, chemotaxis index and basal slowing response were determined in worms. Dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxy phenyl acetic acid and homovanillic acid content were quantified in N2 worms. The extent of neurodegeneration was visualized and quantified in dat-1::GFP worms. Basal slowing response study clearly indicated that cat-2 worms exposed to MCP and glucose were less affected compared to N2 of the same treatment. Learning and memory were affected by MCP and glucose. While MCP-treated worms showed lesser repulsion to nonanone compared to control worms, MCP-treated, glucose-fed worms showed a greater reduction in repulsion to nonanone. Further, MCP-treated, glucose-fed worms exhibited a marked reduction in dopamine content and an increase in 3,4-dihydroxy phenyl acetic acid and homovanillic acid levels compared to that in control. Dat-1::GFP showed a significant degeneration of dopaminergic neurons when exposed to glucose and MCP. Thus, our results clearly demonstrate that glucose-rich diet aggravates the dopaminergic neuronal dysfunction induced by MCP in C. elegans. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Glucose-rich diet aggravates monocrotophos-induced dopaminergic neuronal dysfunction inCaenorhabditis elegans

Salim

Rajini

2016

J. Appl. Toxicol.

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“…Hence, we chose to examine the potential of spice bio-actives to alleviate ROT-induced oxidative impairments/mitochondrial dysfunctions in this model. In the present study, exposure of flies to ROT (500 µM) resulted in marked oxidative stress which corroborates with our previous findings [14][15][16][17]47] . While flies exposed to ROT alone exhibited marked locomotor deficits, diet-enrichment with spice extracts/ bio-actives (CU and CN) resulted in significant improvement in the locomotor performance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In the prophylactic study with bioactives, our principal findings viz., low incidence of mortality and the associated improved locomotor behavior among PQ exposed flies suggests their potential to decrease oxidative stress and increase survival pathways. This corroborates with our previous findings wherein flies developed significant resistance to the neurotoxic effects of PQ following their treatment with several plant extracts [15,62] , Curcumin [63] , and other molecules such as creatine [64] and Crocin [47] . We speculate it may be predominantly related to the induction of antioxidant mechanisms in the fly model rendering the fly nervous system less susceptible to PQ toxicity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Neuromodulatory Potential of Aqueous Extracts of Cumin, Cinnamon: Evidence from Rotenone Model in Drosophila: Implications to Parkinson’s Disease

Rao

Muralidhara

Rajini

2016

International Journal of Neurology Research

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“…Several studies indicate that saffron or its’ main constituents possess numerous pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, anticonvulsant , antischizophrenia , and protective against DNA damage activities . Moreover, saffron has shown remarkable action against some of the most important neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) , as well as a dose−dependent inhibitory response on breast cancer cells .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid isolation and characterization of crocins, picrocrocin, and crocetin from saffron using centrifugal partition chromatography and LC–MS

Karkoula

Angelis

Koulakiotis

et al. 2018

J of Separation Science

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This study demonstrates a simple method for one-step isolation of the main secondary metabolites of a hydroalcoholic extract of Crocus sativus stigmas (saffron) using step-gradient centrifugal partition chromatography. The analysis was performed in dual and elution-extrusion mode, using five biphasic systems of the solvents heptane/ethyl acetate/butanol/ethanol/water in ratios of 4:10:0:4:10, 1:13:0:4:10, 1:12:1:4:10, 1:10:3:4:10, and 1:7:6:4:10. Five major crocins, picrocrocin, and crocetin were directly isolated in one step. Scaling up to preparative level, allowed the recovery of significantly high quantities of pure compounds, especially trans-crocin-4, saffron's principal crocin. Comparing dual-mode and elution-extrusion, in dual-mode, the trans-crocin-4 containing fractions were co-eluted with a high amount of free β-d-glucose. In contrast, absence of free β-d-glucose was observed in the corresponding trans-crocin-4 fractions obtained by the second method denoting its superiority against dual-mode. Initiating analysis with the 4 solvent-system afforded selective isolation of trans-crocin-4, with reduction in experimental time and solvent consumption. Structure elucidation was performed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry, and high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. The proposed methodology comprises an integrated approach for the purification and characterization of biologically active saffron components in a fast, selective, and environmentally friendly manner.

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Evidence of neuroprotective effects of saffron and crocin in a Drosophila model of parkinsonism

Cited by 79 publications

References 71 publications

Glucose-rich diet aggravates monocrotophos-induced dopaminergic neuronal dysfunction inCaenorhabditis elegans

Glucose-rich diet aggravates monocrotophos-induced dopaminergic neuronal dysfunction inCaenorhabditis elegans

Neuromodulatory Potential of Aqueous Extracts of Cumin, Cinnamon: Evidence from Rotenone Model in Drosophila: Implications to Parkinson’s Disease

Rapid isolation and characterization of crocins, picrocrocin, and crocetin from saffron using centrifugal partition chromatography and LC–MS

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