Evidence of sheep pox in Nigeria

Asagba, M. O.; Nawathe, D. R.

doi:10.1007/bf02237892

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The geographic range of sheeppox and goatpox (Fig. 1a) has been restricted in the last 50 years mainly to Asia and Africa, extending from Africa north of the Equator (Asagba and Nawathe, 1981; Kitching et al., 1989; Mariner et al., 1991; Achour and Bouguedour, 1999), into the Middle East (Daoud, 1997), Turkey (Oğuzoğlu et al., 2006), and Asia including regions of the former Soviet Union (Orlova et al., 2006), India (Mondal et al., 2004; Bhanuprakash et al., 2005) and China (Zheng et al., 2007). Sheeppox or goatpox extended their range into Bangladesh in 1984 (Kitching et al., 1987b) and more recently into Vietnam (2005 and 2008) and Mongolia (2006 and 2007) in the east, and repeated incursions have been reported in Greece in southern Europe (2007) (World Animal Health Information Database, OIE).…”

Section: Geographic Rangementioning

confidence: 99%

Capripoxviruses: An Emerging Worldwide Threat to Sheep, Goats and Cattle

Babiuk

Bowden

Boyle

et al. 2008

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

351

310

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Capripoxviruses are the cause of sheeppox, goatpox and lumpy skin disease (LSD) of cattle. These diseases are of great economic significance to farmers in regions in which they are endemic and are a major constraint to international trade in livestock and their products. Although the distribution of capripoxviruses is considerably reduced from what it was even 50 years ago, they are now expanding their territory, with recent outbreaks of sheeppox or goatpox in Vietnam, Mongolia and Greece, and outbreaks of LSD in Ethiopia, Egypt and Israel. Increased legal and illegal trade in live animals provides the potential for further spread, with, for instance, the possibility of LSD becoming firmly established in Asia. This review briefly summarizes what is known about capripoxviruses, including their impact on livestock production, their geographic range, host-specificity, clinical disease, transmission and genomics, and considers current developments in diagnostic tests and vaccines. Capripoxviruses have the potential to become emerging disease threats because of global climate change and changes in patterns of trade in animals and animal products. They also could be used as economic bioterrorism agents.

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Section: Geographic Rangementioning

confidence: 99%

Capripoxviruses: An Emerging Worldwide Threat to Sheep, Goats and Cattle

Babiuk

Bowden

Boyle

et al. 2008

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

351

310

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“…The serum samples were inactivated at 56°C for 30 min and added to microtitre plates in duplicate. Nigerian sheeppox virus (Asagba and Nawathe, 1981) was diluted to 4.0, 3.5, 3.0, 2.5, 2.0, 1.5, 1.0 and 0 log 10 TCID 50 per ml and added to microtitre plates containing the sera. The plates were incubated at 37°C for 1 h. OA3.Ts cells (passage 27) were seeded at 50,000 cells cm )2 the day before.…”

Section: Virus Neutralization Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Following Experimental Infection in Cattle

Babiuk

Bowden

Parkyn

et al. 2008

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

197

216

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Lumpy skin disease along with sheep pox and goatpox are the most serious poxvirus diseases of livestock, and are caused by viruses that belong to the genus Capripoxvirus within the subfamily Chordopoxvirinae, family Poxviridae. To facilitate the study of lumpy skin disease pathogenesis, we inoculated eight 4- to 6-month-old Holstein calves intravenously with lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) and collected samples over a period of 42 days for analysis by virus isolation, real-time PCR and light microscopy. Following inoculation, cattle developed fever and skin nodules, with the extent of infection varying between animals. Skin nodules remained visible until the end of the experiment on day post-inoculation (DPI) 42. Viremia measured by real-time PCR and virus isolation was not observed in all animals but was detectable between 6 and 15 DPI. Low levels of viral shedding were observed in oral and nasal secretions between 12 and 18 DPI. Several tissues were assessed for the presence of virus at DPI 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 42 by virus isolation and real-time PCR. Virus was consistently detected by real-time PCR and virus isolation at high levels in skin nodules indicating LSDV has a tropism for skin. In contrast, relatively few lesions were observed systemically. Viral DNA was detected by real-time PCR in skin lesions collected on DPI 42. Cattle developing anti-capripoxvirus antibodies starting at DPI 21 was detected by serum neutralization. The disease in this study varied from mild with few secondary skin nodules to generalized infection of varying severity, and was characterized by morbidity with no mortality.

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“…In Kenya, a virulent sheep pox virus is used to control LSD but its use should be restricted to countries where sheep pox is endemic. Apart from sporadic cases of sheep pox reported by BIDA et al (1975) and the isolation of virus from an outbreak in Kano (ASAGBA and NAWATHE, 1980) there is insufficient evidence to show that sheep pox is widespread in Nigeria. Future research therefore should be directed at the development of an attenuated vaccine employing strains of LSD virus isolated locally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Some Observations on the Occurrence of Lumpy Skin Disease in Nigeria

Nawathe

Asagba

Abegunde

et al. 2010

Zentralblatt Für Veterinärmedizin Reihe B

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Summary Lumpy skin disease outbreaks occurred in Nigeria in 1974. In 1979‐80 more severe and widespread outbreaks were recorded, involving a larger number of animals and causing abortions. Bacterial and protozoan complications were also features of the present outbreaks. The disease was diagnosed on clinical observations, histopathology, virus isolation and identification and electron microscopy. The authors point out the need to develop an attenuated cell culture vaccine to control the disease since present methods of quarantine and slaughter have been found to be inadequate. Zusammenfassung Beobachtungen über das Auftreten von Lumpy Skin Disease in Nigeria 1974 traten in Nigeria Ausbrüche von Lumpy Skin Disease auf. 1979/80 wurde über weiter verbreitete Ausbrüche mit schwererem Verlauf und Aborten bei einer größeren Tierzahl berichtet. Sie wurden von bakteriellen und Protozoen‐Komplikationen begleitet. Die Krankheit wurde durch klinische und histopathologische Befunde, Virusisolierung und ‐identifizierung sowie Elektronenmikroskopie diagnostiert. Die Autoren betonen die Dringlichkeit, einen attenuierten Lebendimpf‐stoff zu entwickeln, da sich die gegenwärtig angewandten Bekämpfungsmetho‐den von Quarantäne und Abschlachtung als unzulänglich erwiesen haben. Résumé Observations sur l'apparition de «Lumpy Skin Disease» au Nigéria Des apparitions de Lumpy Skin Disease sont intervenues en 1974 au Nigéria. Des apparitions plus étendues en 1979/80 sont décrites chez un plus grand nombre d'animaux avec une évolution plus grave et des avortements. Elles sont accompagnées de complications bactériennes et avec des protozoaires. La maladie fut diagnostiquée par des résultats cliniques et histopathologiques, un isolement et une identification du virus et par la microscopie électronique. Les auteurs mettent l'accent sur l'urgence du développement d'un vaccin vivant atténué étant donné que les méthodes de lutte actuellement utilisés telles que la quarantaine et l'abattage se sont révélées être insuffisantes. Resumen Observaciones sobre la invasión de la enfermedad de piel nodulosa en Nigeria En 1974 se registraron en Nigeria brotes de la enfermedad de piel nodulosa. En 1979/80 se informó sobre nuevos brotes de difusión mayor con curso grave y abortos en una cantidad considerable de animales. Estuvieron acompañados por complicaciones bacterianas y protozoarias. La enfermedad fué diagnosticada mediante hallazgos clínicos e histopatológicos, aislamiento del virus e identificación del mismo así como microscopía electrónica. Los autores hacen hincapié en la perentoriedad de desarrollar una vacuna viva atenuada, ya que los métodos de policía sanitaria empleados hasta la fecha, tales como cuarentena y sacrificio, resultaron ser inadecuados.

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Evidence of sheep pox in Nigeria

Cited by 18 publications

References 1 publication

Capripoxviruses: An Emerging Worldwide Threat to Sheep, Goats and Cattle

Capripoxviruses: An Emerging Worldwide Threat to Sheep, Goats and Cattle

Quantification of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Following Experimental Infection in Cattle

Some Observations on the Occurrence of Lumpy Skin Disease in Nigeria

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