Evidence of two co-circulating genetic lineages of canine distemper virus in South America

Caracterização genética do gene da hemaglutinina em vírus da cinomose canina de cães naturalmente infectados no Brasil

“…This result is consistent with studies conducted throughout the world and in Brazil (MARTELLA et al, 2006;PANZERA et al, 2012;NEGRÃO et al, 2013), indicating that the H gene of CDV has evolved differently in wild and vaccine strains. This Z35493 AF378705 X84998 Z47760 AF172411 AY297454 AY297453 AB212730 AB212984 AB212983 DQ191787 AY849448 AY498892 AY438597 FJ392851 KC257484 KC257483 GQ214389 Z47759 X84999 KF835425 KF835424 KF835423 EU098105 FJ392652 JX912978 JX912976 JN215473 JN215474 JN215475 JN215476 JN215477 JX912971 JX912975 JX912958 JX912983 JX912959 EU098102 LBMICDV2 LBMICDV8 LBMICDV17 LBMICDV3 DQ494318 DQ494317 Z77672 Z77673 EU098104 LBMICDV3 LBMICDV5 LBMICDV25 LBMICDV21 .…”

“…However, the Brazilian CDVs varied over 4% compared to the strains belonging to South America 2 (PANZERA et al, 2012) and South America 3 lineages (ESPINAL et al, 2014), demonstrating that these CDVs are grouped with strains from different lineages. This finding is consistent with the report by Budaszewski et al (2014) and Panzera et al (2015), who considered the South America 1 and Europe 1 belonging to same clade and the same lineage.…”

“…The canine distemper virus (CDV) belongs to the genus Morbillivirus of the Paramyxoviridae family. CDV is an enveloped negative single-stranded RNA virus, and its genome encodes six structural proteins; the Haemagglutinin (H) glycoprotein has been used to characterize field strains (MARTELLA et al, 2006;PANZERA et al, 2012;NEGRÃO et al, 2013;BUDASZEWSKI et al, 2014). CDV is mainly controlled by vaccination using attenuated vaccines, but reports of the disease in vaccinated animals suggest that there are antigenic differences between wild CDV and the strains used in the vaccines that primarily occur in the haemagglutinin glycoprotein (BAE et al, 2013).…”

“…This finding is consistent with the report by Budaszewski et al (2014) and Panzera et al (2015), who considered the South America 1 and Europe 1 belonging to same clade and the same lineage. Panzera et al (2012Panzera et al ( , 2015 claim that these strains originated from the South America 2 subgroup, are related to Europe 2 lineage (European wildlife lineage), and were most likely transferred from dogs to wild animals.…”

Phylogenetic analyses of the hemagglutinin gene of wild-type strains of canine distemper virus in southern Brazil

“…Currently, the major CDV lineages identified worldwide are vaccine strain or America 1 and 2, Asia 1 and 2, Europe 1, Europe wildlife, Arctic-like, and South Africa (Martella et al, 2006;Woma et al, 2010). Recently, distinct strains of CDV were thought to be circulating in some Brazilian cities (Rosa et al, 2012), but these strains might form part of a larger distinct South American clade of CDV (Panzera et al, 2012). Further, restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses of the 721-bp fragment of the H gene have suggested genetic diversity between Brazilian wild-type CDV and vaccine strains (Negrão et al, 2006).…”