Evidence of Zika Virus Infection in Pigs and Mosquitoes, Mexico

Núñez-Avellaneda, Daniel; Cetina-Trejo, Rosa C.; Zamudio-Moreno, Emily; Baak-Baak, Carlos M.; Cigarroa-Toledo, Nohemí; Reyes-Solís, Guadalupe; Ortega‐Pacheco, Antonio; Suzán, Gerardo; Tandugu, Chandra; García-Rejón, Julián E.; Blitvich, Bradley J.; Machaín-Williams, Carlos

doi:10.3201/eid2702.201452

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Additionally, although the years of sampling between studies do not coincide, high rates of ZIKV infection in different species of mosquitoes (including Ae. Aegypti) have been reported in the same study site (X'matkuil) (Nunez-Avellaneda et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

West Nile and Zika viruses in bats from a suburban area of Merida, Yucatan, Mexico

Torres–Castro

Noh-Pech

Hernández-Betancourt

et al. 2021

Zoonoses and Public Health

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With approximately 1,386 species distributed worldwide, bats (order Chiroptera) are the second most numerous and diverse mammalian taxon (Burgin et al., 2018). These animals are fundamental to the study of viruses with relevance to public health; however, their epidemiological role in the transmission cycles is unclear. The Flavivirus genus, which includes dengue (DENV 1-4), Zika (ZIKV) and West Nile (WNV) viruses, is one of the most studied viral genera in bats (Fagre & Kading, 2019).The Yucatan state is an area where some Flavivirus infect

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

West Nile and Zika viruses in bats from a suburban area of Merida, Yucatan, Mexico

Torres–Castro

Noh-Pech

Hernández-Betancourt

et al. 2021

Zoonoses and Public Health

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“…A study in human iPSC-derived neural stem cells demonstrated a high rate of neural cell death (Tang et al 2016). There is evidence that pigs can be infected by the Zika virus and might be the reservoir of the disease (Nunez-Avellaneda et al 2021). Therefore, the pig can be a model for the development of new therapeutics and an understanding of the pathogenesis of ZIKV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin attenuates dimethyl sulfoxide– and Zika virus–induced degeneration of porcine induced neural stem cells

Horcharoensuk

Yang-en

Chakritbudsabong

et al. 2022

In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Animal

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Domestic pigs have become increasingly popular as a model for human diseases such as neurological diseases. Drug discovery platforms have increasingly been used to identify novel compounds that combat neurodegeneration. Currently, bioactive molecules such as melatonin have been demonstrated to offer a neuroprotective effect in several studies. However, a neurodegenerative platform to study novel compounds in a porcine model has not been fully established. In this study, characterized porcine induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) were used for evaluation of the protective effect of melatonin against chemical and pathogenic stimulation. First, the effects of different concentrations of melatonin on the proliferation of porcine iNSCs were studied. Second, porcine iNSCs were treated with the appropriate concentration of melatonin prior to induced degeneration with dimethyl sulfoxide or Zika virus (ZIKV). The results demonstrated that the percentages of Ki67 expression in porcine iNSCs cultured in 0.1, 1, and 10 nM melatonin were not significantly different from that in the control groups. Melatonin at 1 nM protected porcine iNSCs from DMSO-induced degeneration, as confirmed by a dead cell exclusion assay and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) analysis. In addition, pretreatment with melatonin reduced the percentage of dead porcine iNSCs after ZIKV infection. Melatonin increased the ΔΨm, resulting in a decrease in cell degeneration. However, pretreatment with melatonin was unable to suppress ZIKV replication in porcine iNSCs. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated the anti-degenerative effect of melatonin against DMSO-and ZIKV-induced degeneration in porcine iNSCs.

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“…Interestingly, a recent study showed ZIKV circulation in mosquitoes from pig farms in Mexico, as determined by PCR, and natural ZIKV infection in farm pigs, as determined by serological tests [ 33 ]. Thus, in addition to the better fundamental understanding of intra-host virus evolution in the fetus, ZIKV studies in pigs may provide new knowledge of the emergence of ZIKV variants in the natural zoonotic reservoir.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Isolated in Utero Environment Is Conducive to the Emergence of RNA and DNA Virus Variants

Udenze

Trus

Munyanduki

et al. 2021

Viruses

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The host’s immune status may affect virus evolution. Little is known about how developing fetal and placental immune milieus affect virus heterogeneity. This knowledge will help us better understand intra-host virus evolution and how new virus variants emerge. The goal of our study was to find out whether the isolated in utero environment—an environment with specialized placental immunity and developing fetal immunity—supports the emergence of RNA and DNA virus variants. We used well-established porcine models for isolated Zika virus (RNA virus) and porcine circovirus 2 (DNA virus) fetal infections. We found that the isolated in utero environment was conducive to the emergence of RNA and DNA virus variants. Next-generation sequencing of nearly whole virus genomes and validated bioinformatics pipelines identified both unique and convergent single nucleotide variations in virus genomes isolated from different fetuses. Zika virus and PCV2 in utero evolution also resulted in single nucleotide variations previously reported in the human and porcine field samples. These findings should encourage further studies on virus evolution in placenta and fetuses, to better understand how virus variants emerge and how in utero viral evolution affects congenital virus transmission and pathogenicity.

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Evidence of Zika Virus Infection in Pigs and Mosquitoes, Mexico

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

West Nile and Zika viruses in bats from a suburban area of Merida, Yucatan, Mexico

West Nile and Zika viruses in bats from a suburban area of Merida, Yucatan, Mexico

Melatonin attenuates dimethyl sulfoxide– and Zika virus–induced degeneration of porcine induced neural stem cells

The Isolated in Utero Environment Is Conducive to the Emergence of RNA and DNA Virus Variants

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