Evidence that a New Antibiotic Flavone Glycoside Chemically Defends the Sea Grass
            <i>Thalassia testudinum</i>
            against Zoosporic Fungi

Jensen, Paul R.; Jenkins, Kelly M.; Porter, David D.; Fenical, William

doi:10.1128/aem.64.7.2762-2762.1998

Cited by 48 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…They can be non-toxic deterrents or compounds that inhibit growth, survival or reproduction of foulers [18,19]. In the tissue of seagrasses, biologically active phenolic metabolites were repeatedly discovered and proposed to be functional in the chemical defence against fouling and microbes [20][21][22]. This view was recently confirmed in a study that exclusively focused on compounds which are present on the surface of Z. marina [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Chemical Defence of a Seagrass against Microfoulers and Its Seasonal Dynamics

2019

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In marine environments bacterial microfoulers are an important determinant for the settlement of algal and animal macrofoulers. At the same time fouling is usually subject to seasonal fluctuation. Additionally, the seagrass Zostera marina is prone to microfouling, although this marine spermatophyte is known to be chemically defended against bacterial settlers. Spermatophytes are often capable of induced or activated defences against biological enemies such as pathogens or herbivores, but it is still unknown whether they can fine-tune their antifouling-defence according to settlement pressure. We therefore assessed the seasonality of bacterial settlement pressure, defence against microsettlers and concentrations of a previously identified defence compound, rosmarinic acid, on surfaces of Z. marina. All examined variables peaked in summer, while they tended to be lower in spring and autumn. The seasonality of defence activity and rosmarinic acid surface concentration was positively correlated with the seasonal fluctuation of fouling pressure, which suggests that Z. marina can adjust its defence level to the relatively high bacterial fouling pressure in summer. Besides of biotic factors the seasonal change of environmental factors, such as nitrogen supply, and in particular temperature, also affected the defence level, either directly or through indirect effects on the microbial settlers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Chemical Defence of a Seagrass against Microfoulers and Its Seasonal Dynamics

2019

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“…Though it is clear from this study that differences in phenolic concentrations can influence herbivore feeding preferences, given the somewhat idiosyncratic changes in the concentrations of these compounds in turtlegrass when exposed to grazers, regardless of size, it is possible that these compounds have alternative roles in seagrasses. Studies have found that phenolic compounds (and crude extracts containing phenolics) from multiple seagrasses can reduce the incidence of infection by marine bacteria and fungi (Harrison 1982, Jensen et al 1998, Ross et al 2008. Caffeic acid, which is found in eelgrass, can inhibit the growth of the wasting disease pathogen Labyrinthula spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seagrass deterrence to mesograzer herbivory: evidence from mesocosm experiments and feeding preference trials

Steele¹,

Valentine²

2015

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Sulfation of polysaccharides is a common adaptation for marine plants, normally absent in terrestrial and freshwater plants, to aid in ionic balance (Kloareg and Quatrano 1988) and allelochemical interactions (McMillan et al 1980; see also Discussion: Variability in macroalgae). Seagrasses may produce sulfated compounds as biochemical defenses (flavone glycosides and sulfated phenolic acids; McMillan et al 1980, Jensen et al 1998 or as adaptation to increased nutrient absorptions or to maintain ion balance (Aquino et al 2005). In addition to production of S-containing compounds, seagrasses may accumulate high concentrations of sulfur in their tissues, particularly in their belowground tissues, due to high concentrations of sulfide from the anoxic, sulfaterich pore waters (Holmer et al 2006, Frederiksen et al 2008.…”

Section: Variability In Vascular Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of marine macrophytes for their contributions to blue carbon sequestration

Trevathan-Tackett

Kelleway

Macreadie

et al. 2015

Ecology

193

134

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Many marine ecosystems have the capacity for long-term storage of organic carbon (C) in what are termed "blue carbon" systems. While blue carbon systems (saltmarsh, mangrove, and seagrass) are efficient at long-term sequestration of organic carbon (C), much of their sequestered C may originate from other (allochthonous) habitats. Macroalgae, due to their high rates of production, fragmentation, and ability to be transported, would also appear to be able to make a significant contribution as C donors to blue C habitats. In order to assess the stability of macroalgal tissues and their likely contribution to long-term pools of C, we applied thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to 14 taxa of marine macroalgae and coastal vascular plants. We assessed the structural complexity of multiple lineages of plant and tissue types with differing cell wall structures and found that decomposition dynamics varied significantly according to differences in cell wall structure and composition among taxonomic groups and tissue function (photosynthetic vs. attachment). Vascular plant tissues generally exhibited greater stability with a greater proportion of mass loss at temperatures > 300 degrees C (peak mass loss -320 degrees C) than macroalgae (peak mass loss between 175-300 degrees C), consistent with the lignocellulose matrix of vascular plants. Greater variation in thermogravimetric signatures within and among macroalgal taxa, relative to vascular plants, was also consistent with the diversity of cell wall structure and composition among groups. Significant degradation above 600 degrees C for some macroalgae, as well as some belowground seagrass tissues, is likely due to the presence of taxon-specific compounds. The results of this study highlight the importance of the lignocellulose matrix to the stability of vascular plant sources and the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage. This study shows that marine macroalgae do contain refractory compounds and thus may be more valuable to long-term carbon sequestration than we previously have considered.

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Evidence that a New Antibiotic Flavone Glycoside Chemically Defends the Sea Grass Thalassia testudinum against Zoosporic Fungi

Cited by 48 publications

References 40 publications

Chemical Defence of a Seagrass against Microfoulers and Its Seasonal Dynamics

Chemical Defence of a Seagrass against Microfoulers and Its Seasonal Dynamics

Seagrass deterrence to mesograzer herbivory: evidence from mesocosm experiments and feeding preference trials

Comparison of marine macrophytes for their contributions to blue carbon sequestration

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