Evidence that the extraocular motor nuclei innervate monkey palisade endings

Zimmermann, Lars; May, Paul J.; Pastor, Ángel M.; Streicher, Johannes; Blumer, Roland

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2010.11.072

Cited by 29 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…[18][19][20] Combining anterograde tracer labeling and molecular analyses, we demonstrated that axons supplying palisade endings established several motor contacts alongside the muscle fibers in a manner equal to that of en grappe motor terminals on MIFs. 20 These findings strongly suggest that palisade endings arise from MIF motoneurons in the EOM motor nuclei although receptors for cholinergic transmission have not been found in palisade endings so far with the exception of rabbit and rat.…”

Section: Developmental Support For a Mif Motoneuronpalisade Ending Comentioning

confidence: 89%

Palisade Endings of Extraocular Muscles Develop Postnatally Following Different Time Courses

Blumer¹,

Streicher

Carrizosa

et al. 2017

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. To analyze in a frontal-eyed mammal (cat) the postnatal development of palisade endings in extraocular muscles (EOMs) and to compare the spatiotemporal and quantitative patterns of palisade endings among individual rectus muscles. METHODS.Cats of different ages ranging from birth to adult stage were studied. EOM wholemount preparations were fluorescently labeled using six combinations of triple staining and analyzed in the confocal laser scanning microscope. RESULTS.Palisade endings developed postnatally and passed in each rectus muscle through the same, three developmental steps but in a heterochronic sequence and to a different final density per muscle. Specifically, palisade ending development was first completed in the medial rectus and later in the inferior, lateral, and superior rectus. The highest density of palisade endings was observed in the medial rectus and the lowest in the lateral rectus whereas values for the inferior and superior rectus were in between. Palisade endings expressed high levels of growth associated protein 43 during development and were supplied by axons that established motor terminals.CONCLUSIONS. Cats open their eyes 7 to 10 days after birth and later develop a complex threedimensional visuomotor climbing and jumping behavior depending on accurate binocular vision and fine tuning of the ocular movements. Our findings indicate that palisade ending development correlates with important landmarks in visuomotor behavior and provide support for our previous notion that palisade endings play an important role for convergence eye movements in frontal-eyed species.

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Section: Developmental Support For a Mif Motoneuronpalisade Ending Comentioning

confidence: 89%

Palisade Endings of Extraocular Muscles Develop Postnatally Following Different Time Courses

Blumer¹,

Streicher

Carrizosa

et al. 2017

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

Self Cite

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“…Because we never saw tracer labeled V mes cells after distal injections of the EOM, 16 this nucleus was ruled out as a source of PEs. In addition, tracer injections into the medullary part of V mes did not result in anterogradely labeled PEs 17 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The PEs represent special nerve endings unique to eye muscles, which are exclusively associated with MIFs at the myotendinous junctions of the muscle. PEs are found in all animals being investigated so far, and recently their cell bodies were shown to be located in or around the motor nuclei of EOMs 16, 17 . It is still not clear what function the PEs have and whether they are motor 14 or sensory 25 organs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is there any sense in the Palisade endings of eye muscles?

Lienbacher

Mustari

Hess

et al. 2011

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Palisade endings (PEs), which are unique to the eye muscles, are associated with multiply innervated muscle fibers. They lie at the myotendinous junctions and form a cap around the muscle fiber tip. They are found in all animals investigated so far, but their function is not known. Recently, we demonstrated that cell bodies of PEs and tendon organs lie around the periphery of the oculomotor nucleus in the C- and S-groups. A morphological analysis of these peripheral neurons revealed the existence of different populations within the C-group. We propose that a small group of round or spindle-shaped cells gives rise to PEs, and another group of multipolar neurons provide the multiple motor endings. If PEs have a sensory function, then their cell body location close to motor neurons would be in an ideal location to control tension in extraocular muscles; in the case of the C-group, its proximity to the preganglionic neurons of the Edinger–Westphal nucleus would permit its participation in the near response. Despite their unusual properties, PEs may have a sensory function.

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“…Although the function of palisade endings remains unclear, it has been suggested they have both sensory and motor functions 15,16 . Recent anterograde tracing studies have confirmed that at least some cell bodies of palisade endings lie in the ocular motor nuclei 17,18 . Thus the ocular motor nerves could be an alternative conduit by which afferent inputs from the orbit reach the brain 15 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical alignment in monkeys with unilateral IV section: effects of prolonged monocular patching and trigeminal deafferentation

Shan¹,

Hamasaki²,

Tian³

et al. 2011

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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We investigated monocular viewing and trigeminal (V) deafferentation on the vertical deviation (VD) in monkeys following intracranial IV section. Two monkeys wore a patch for four to six weeks, one over the paretic eye and the other over the normal eye following IV section. Two other monkeys had combined IV and V section with the paretic eye patched postlesion. In monkeys with IV section alone, the VD lessened within the first week postlesion but then increased gradually with the same eye still patched. Thus binocular viewing was unnecessary for the later VD increase. With combined IV and V section, the VD also transiently lessened postlesion. We have proposed that the decrease in VD after IV section is adaptive, driven by an error signal using ocular proprioception and efference copy. Since V section did not eliminate the early decrease in VD, we suggest some orbital afference is transmitted centrally via other cranial nerves. However, the later increase in VD suggests either that the proprioceptive effect cannot be sustained or that mechanical changes supervene to increase the VD.

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Evidence that the extraocular motor nuclei innervate monkey palisade endings

Cited by 29 publications

References 24 publications

Palisade Endings of Extraocular Muscles Develop Postnatally Following Different Time Courses

Palisade Endings of Extraocular Muscles Develop Postnatally Following Different Time Courses

Is there any sense in the Palisade endings of eye muscles?

Vertical alignment in monkeys with unilateral IV section: effects of prolonged monocular patching and trigeminal deafferentation

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