Evidence that Tumour Necrosis Induced by Aminated β1‐3D Polyglucose is Mediated by a Concerted Action of Local and Systemic Cytokines

Abstract

Aminated beta 1-3D polyglucose (AG) causes regression of Meth A sarcoma in syngeneic mice when injected systemically on day 7 after tumour inoculation. AG does not concentrate in the tumour, but distributes throughout the body. AG treatment causes release of large amounts of interleukin 1 (IL-1) both in vivo and in macrophage cultures in vitro. AG is a weak stimulus for tumour necrosis factor (TNF) release both in vitro and in vivo. However, tumour tissue and sera from untreated mice on days 3 and 7 after inoculation contain significant amounts of TNF, whereas tumour tissue and sera on day 14 contain insignificant amounts of TNF. This correlates exactly with the sensitivity to AG treatment. IL-1, and TNF when injected locally cause reduction in tumour blood circulation and also shrinkage of the tumour. All these facts taken together indicate that the tumour circulatory failure and necrosis induced by AG are mediated by local TNF-unrelated to the treatment--potentiated by systemic cytokines triggered by the AG.

Bath exposure of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) yolk sac larvae to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS): Absorption and distribution of the LPS and effect on fish survival

“…Gel chromatographic analysis (PD-10) revealed no unbound radioactivity. This procedure, modified after Seljelid et al (1989), gave a product with specific radioactivity of 7·0 10 6 dpm mg 1 LPS (0·116 MBq mg 1 LPS).…”

Distribution of intravenously and perorally administeredAeromonas salmonicidalipopolysaccharide in Atlantic salmon,Salmo salarL.

“…Gel chromatographic analysis (PD-10) of the compound revealed no unbound radioactivity. This procedure, modified after Seljelid et al (1989), gave a product with specific radioactivity of 7·8 10 4 dpm mg 1 ; 1·3 kBq mg 1 . This product was further subjected to SDS PAGE electrophoresis followed by LPS staining, protein staining and Western blotting.…”

The involvement of CD14 in stimulation of cytokine production by uronic acid polymers

“…Optimal cytokine stimulatory activity of a uronic acid polymer requires mainly p1-4 di-equatorial glycosidical linkages and a certain polymer length**. The poly uronic acids are structurally different from the cytokine-stimulating glucans which bind to a 180-and 160-kDa protein complex on mononuclear phagocytes [3,4]. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms behind the stimulatory activities of uronic acid polymers.…”