Evidences supporting Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei association with white feces syndrome in farmed Penaeus vannamei in Venezuela and Indonesia

Aranguren, Luis Fernando; Hùng, Nguyễn Hữu; Pichardo, Orlando; Cruz‐Flores, Roberto; Hanggono, Bambang; Dhar, Arun K.

doi:10.3354/dao03522

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular parasites that can infect nearly all animal phyla in nature [ 1 , 2 ]. Microsporidia infection can cause major economic losses; for example, Nosema ceranae causes serious disease in adult honey bees [ 3 , 4 ], Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei affects cultured shrimp [ 5 , 6 ], and Cryptosporidium baileyi impacts the digestive and/or respiratory tract of many bird species across various orders [ 7 , 8 ]. Moreover, infection with some microsporidia is a serious threat to human life and health [ 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UDP-Glucosyltransferases Induced by Nosema bombycis Provide Resistance to Microsporidia in Silkworm (Bombyx mori)

Yang

Wei

et al. 2021

Insects

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As a silkworm pathogen, the microsporidian N. bombycis can be transovarially transmitted from parent to offspring and seriously impedes sericulture industry development. Previous studies found that Uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are involved in regulating diverse cellular processes, such as detoxification, pigmentation, and odorant sensing. Our results showed that BmUGT10295 and BmUGT8453 genes were specifically induced in infected silkworms, but other BmUGTs were not. Tissue distribution analysis of the two BmUGTs showed that the transcriptions of the two BmUGTs were mainly activated in the midgut and Malpighian tubule of infected silkworms. Furthermore, there were significantly fewer microsporidia in over-expressed BmUGTs compared with the control, but there were significantly more microsporidia in RNA interference BmUGTs compared with the control. These findings indicate that the two BmUGTs were induced by N. bombycis and provided resistance to the microsporidia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UDP-Glucosyltransferases Induced by Nosema bombycis Provide Resistance to Microsporidia in Silkworm (Bombyx mori)

Yang

Wei

et al. 2021

Insects

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“…Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) has emerged as a serious threat to shrimp aquaculture worldwide (Thitamadee et al, 2016). EHP infection in farmed shrimps does not cause mass mortality, but inflicts significant economic loss due to stunted growth and reduced feed consumption (Aranguren Caro et al, 2020) . Noting the lack of pharmacological interventions for EHP, a rapid and accurate detection assay of EHP infection in shrimp is significant for the shrimp farming industry as prevention is the only currently available control method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Detection of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei Infection in Shrimp With a Real-Time Isothermal Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assay

Ma¹,

Fan²,

Wang³

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) infection has become a significant threat in shrimp farming industry in recent years, causing major economic losses in Asian countries. As there are a lack of effective therapeutics, prevention of the infection with rapid and reliable pathogen detection methods is fundamental. Molecular detection methods based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) have been developed, but improvements on detection speed and convenience are still in demand. The isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay derived from the recombination-dependent DNA replication (RDR) mechanism of bacteriophage T4 is promising, but the previously developed RPA assay for EHP detection read the signal by gel electrophoresis, which restricted this application to laboratory conditions and hampered the sensitivity. The present study combined fluorescence analysis with the RPA system and developed a real-time RPA assay for the detection of EHP. The detection procedure was completed in 3–7 min at 39°C and showed good specificity. The sensitivity of 13 gene copies per reaction was comparable to the current PCR- and LAMP-based methods, and was much improved than the RPA assay analyzed by gel electrophoresis. For real clinical samples, detection results of the real-time RPA assay were 100% consistent with the industrial standard nested PCR assay. Because of the rapid detection speed and the simple procedure, the real-time RPA assay developed in this study can be easily assembled as an efficient and reliable on-site detection tool to help control EHP infection in shrimp farms.

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“…This microsporidian species has been found in several Asian countries such as China, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and India [ 4 – 6 ]. Recently, EHP has been reported in the Western Hemisphere in South America [ 7 , 8 ]. The main clinical sign of EHP at a farm level is growth retardation [ 9 ], leading to an increased size variability and feed conversion rate (FCR).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At a farm level, WFS manifests as white fecal strings floating along the surface water in grow-out ponds. Shrimp in these ponds display unusual clinical signs such as poor growth rate, size disparity, gastrointestinal tract with yellowish to whitish discoloration, softshell, and chronic mortalities [ 6 , 8 , 14 ]. Although association between EHP and WFS have long been suggested, no studies have successfully reproduced this syndrome in a controlled laboratory setting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even when severe EHP infections occur WFS does not always manifest [ 15 ], these observations suggests that WFS is the result of an interplay of more than one microorganism and the other causative agent(s) are yet to be identified. A strong association between WFS and EHP was reported in EHP-endemic regions in SE Asia [ 6 ] and Venezuela [ 8 ]. In these cases, WFS and EHP were detected along another opportunistic pathogen, Vibrio spp., that cause septic hepatopancreatic necrosis (SHPN) [ 5 , 6 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental reproduction of White Feces Syndrome in whiteleg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei

et al. 2021

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White Feces Syndrome (WFS) is an emergent disease of penaeid shrimp (Penaeus monodon and P. vannamei) that is identified by the presence of floating white fecal strings on pond water in grow-out ponds. Although the clinical manifestations of WFS are well defined, the underling etiology remains obscure. WFS has been associated with several enteric pathogens, including Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP). The association is based on studies that found areas where WFS has been reported, the prevalence and severity of EHP infection are high. In this study, we describe an experimental reproduction of WFS in P. vannamei pre-infected with EHP and challenged with a unique isolate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a shrimp displaying WFS. Upon laboratory challenge, shrimp displaying white fecal strings and white discoloration of the gastrointestinal tract were analyzed by histopathology, in-situ hybridization and quantitative PCR. Histological analysis confirmed the lesions of EHP and septic hepatopancreatic necrosis in the hepatopancreas of shrimp exposed to both pathogens. Quantitative PCR showed shrimp infected with both EHP and V. parahaemolyticus had a significantly higher load of EHP compared to shrimp infected with EHP alone. This is the first demonstration of experimental reproduction of WFS under laboratory conditions when animals are infected with EHP and V. parahaemolyticus concurrently. The data revealed a synergistic relation between EHP and V. parahaemolyticus isolate that led to the manifestation of WFS. We propose the gross signs of WFS can be used as an indicator of the presence of EHP infection in association with a particular strain of an enteric Vibrio spp. in countries where EHP is endemic.

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Evidences supporting Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei association with white feces syndrome in farmed Penaeus vannamei in Venezuela and Indonesia

Cited by 28 publications

References 14 publications

UDP-Glucosyltransferases Induced by Nosema bombycis Provide Resistance to Microsporidia in Silkworm (Bombyx mori)

UDP-Glucosyltransferases Induced by Nosema bombycis Provide Resistance to Microsporidia in Silkworm (Bombyx mori)

Rapid Detection of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei Infection in Shrimp With a Real-Time Isothermal Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assay

Experimental reproduction of White Feces Syndrome in whiteleg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei

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