“…Beck et al (1974) designed a 20-item instrument to quantify the motivational, cognitive, and affective manifestations of hopelessness among adults, the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS-20). Worldwide, the dimensionality of the BHS-20 has been studied in different samples, and it has been observed that those items can represent a uni- or multi-dimensional scale with two to six dimensions (Aliaga et al, 2006, 2016; Aloba et al, 2015; Balsamo et al, 2020; Beck et al, 1974; Boduszek & Dhingra, 2016; Dyce, 1996; González, 2009; Hermosillo-De la Torre et al, 2020; Iliceto & Fino, 2015; Innamorati et al, 2014; Kao et al, 2012; Kim et al, 2015; Kliem et al, 2018; Kocalevent et al, 2017; Mikulic et al, 2009; Nissim et al, 2010; Pompili et al, 2007; Quiñonez-Tapia et al, 2019; Rueda-Jaimes et al, 2018; Satorres et al, 2018; Spangenberg et al, 2016; Szabó et al, 2016; Tanaka et al, 2018; Zhang et al, 2015). The differences in the dimensional structure of the BHS-20 are possibly due to the heterogeneity of the populations in which the tool has been tested (Keszei et al, 2010) or methods used to extract the scale’s factors (Lloret-Segura et al, 2014).…”