Evoked cavernous activity: neuroanatomic implications

Yılmaz, Uğur; Vicars, Brenda G.; Yang, Claire C.

doi:10.1038/ijir.2009.34

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Advances in clinical electrophysiology now allow for consistent recording of intrapenile electrical activity. One promising method is evoked cavernosal activity, which can be recorded after a brief, startling stimulus (Yang et al, 2008;Yilmaz et al, 2009). …”

Section: A Electrophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Penile Erection and Basis for Pharmacological Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction

2011

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Section: A Electrophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Penile Erection and Basis for Pharmacological Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction

2011

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“…Nerves of the anoscrotal junction has been one of major interests of researchers because they should contain an afferent route for autonomic nerve reflexes in the pelvic floor involving the urinary and anal sphincter functions (Bird and Hanno, 1998;Lefaucheur, 2006;Yilmaz et al, 2009;Hotta et al, 2012). The posterior part of the human scrotum is innervated by a branch of the pudendal nerve, i.e., the posterior scrotal nerve.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Midline sensory nerve supply to the anoscrotal junction: a study using human male fetuses

Abe

Yoshimoto

Yamamoto

et al. 2017

Okajimas Folia Anat. Jpn.

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Summary: The origin of the posterior scrotal nerve is considered to be the bilateral pudendal nerves but the course to the midline is still obscure. Using 5 late-stage human male fetuses, we identified the single nerve through the intramuscular midline septum of the bulbospongiosus and the bilateral nerves along the left and right sides of the septum. Thus, the posterior scrotal nerve showed a variation: a single midline trunk or bilateral nerves. Branches of the bilateral pudendal nerves ran medially between the muscle and Cowper's gland and, at the midline area, they joined or associated closely. During the proximal course, much or less, the nerve penetrated the superior part of the muscle. The nerve entered the subcutaneous tissue at and near the perineal raphe. The communication with intrapelvic autonomic nerves were suggested behind Cowper's gland. Notably, the midline skin immediately anterior to the anus carried a considerable dense supply of thin sensory nerves. However, these nerves seemed to come from a space between the rectal smooth muscle and the external anal sphincter, not from the posterior scrotal nerve. Therefore, surgical treatment of the intersphincteric layer was likely to injure the original sensory nerve supply to the anterior anal skin.

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“…[19] Travma, tümör, vasküler hastalıklar, disk hernisi, miyelitler ve multiple skleroz gibi nedenlerle oluşan spinal kord lezyonlarında cinsel işlevler, lezyonun lokalizasyonu ve genişliğine göre etkilenmektedir. [19,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Spinal kord lezyonları genital cinsel uyarıl-mada gösterilebilir değişikliklere yol açarak orgazma ulaşmayı güçleştirebilir. [27,29,30] Psikojenik ereksiyon işitme, görme, koklama, hissetme ve fantezi sonucu sadece beyinde oluşan uyarılmaların oluştur-duğu ereksiyon olarak kabul edilir.…”

Section: Normal Erkek Cinsel Işleviunclassified

“…[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Torakolomber bölge ile sakral merkezler arasındaki spinal kord lezyonlarında refleks ereksiyonlar görülürken psikojenik ereksiyon oluşmaz. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Ancak bu seviyede lezyonu olan olgularda psikojenik ereksiyonların da görülebildiği rapor edilmiştir. Bu durum torakolomber bölgenin altında paravertebral gongliyonlardaki parasempatiklerin normal kalması ve azalmış hipogastrik (sempatik) tonusa bağlı nöroplastite ile açıklanmıştır.…”

Section: Normal Erkek Cinsel Işleviunclassified

Sexual and reproductive abnormalities in patients with spinal cord injuries

Aşçı

Açıkgöz²,

Büyükalpelli³

2012

Turkish Journal of Urology

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Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) may cause predictable abnormalities in genital sexual arousal and changes in the ability to achieve orgasm. In this review, sexual dysfunction and reproductive abnormalities and their treatment possibilities in male and female patients with SCI were reviewed. Literature from 1982-2011 examining the neuroanatomy of sexual functions, sexual dysfunction and reproductive abnormalities and their treatment alternatives both in male and female patients with SCI was reviewed with PubMed. In both genders, the sympathetic, parasympathetic and motor-sensory innervations of genitals are localized at the T11-L2, and S2-4 and S2-3 spinal cord levels, respectively. Patients with lesions above or at level of T11-L2 have reflex erections but no psychogenic erections. Patients with lesions in between levels of L2 and S2 spinal segments have reflex and psychogenic erections. Patients with lesions at level of S2-3 or below can have psychogenic erections but no reflex erections. Patients with lesions above the T10 level have autonomic, somatic, vibration and electroejaculations but no nocturnal ejaculation. Patients with lesions at the level of the thoracolumbar (T11-L2) region can have electroejaculation but no autonomic, somatic, vibration and nocturnal ejaculations. Patients with lesions below the L2 levels can produce emissions and electroejaculation but no other type of ejaculation. Reproductive dysfunction in men with SCI is due to a combination of ED, ejaculatory failure, and abnormal semen parameters. Women with no lesions at the T11-L2 levels may have psychogenic genital vasocongestion, while reflex lubrication and orgasm is more prevalent in women who have preserved the sacral reflex arc (S2-S5). A better knowledge of neuroanatomy and neurophysiology in SCI patients provides a more predictable understanding of sexual and reproductive dysfunctions. ÖZETSpinal kord yaralanmaları (SKY) genital cinsel uyarımlarda öngörülebilir bozukluklara ve orgazma ulaşma yeteneğinde değişikliklere neden olabilir. Bu derlemede SKY'li erkek ve kadın olgularda cinsel işlev ve üre-me bozuklukları ile tedavi olanakları gözden geçirilmiştir. PubMed taraması ile 1982-2011 yılları arasında yayımlanmış literatür eşliğinde cinsel işlevlerin nöroanatomisi, spinal kord yaralanmalarında ortaya çıkan cinsel işlev ve üreme bozuklukları ile tedavi olanakları gözden geçirilmiştir. Her iki cinste genital sistemin sempatik, parasempatik ve motor-duyu inervasyonları sırasıyla T11-L2, S2-5, S2-3 spinal kord seviyelerinde lokalizedir. T11-L2 veya üzerindeki SKY'de refleks ereksiyonlar sürdürülürken, psikojenik (nokturnal) ereksiyonlar kaybolabilir. L2-S2 spinal segmentler arasındaki lezyonlarda ise her iki ereksiyon tipi sürdü-rülürken, S2 seviyesi altında ve komplet konus medullaris lezyonlarında sadece psikojenik ereksiyonlar sürdürülür. T10 ve üzeri lezyonlarda otonomik, somatik, vibro-ve elektro-ejakulasyonlar sürdürülürken, nokturnal ejakulasyon görülmez. T10 altındaki tüm lezyonlarda somatik ve vibroejakulasyon kaybolur...

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Evoked cavernous activity: neuroanatomic implications

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

Mechanisms of Penile Erection and Basis for Pharmacological Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction

Mechanisms of Penile Erection and Basis for Pharmacological Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction

Midline sensory nerve supply to the anoscrotal junction: a study using human male fetuses

Sexual and reproductive abnormalities in patients with spinal cord injuries

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