Evolution and forcing mechanisms of ENSO over the last 300,000 years in CCSM3

Lu, Zhengyao; Liu, Zhengyu; Chen, Guangshan; Guan, Jian

doi:10.5194/cp-2016-128

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 42 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…1g), so it is necessary to see the relationship between annual cycle and ENSO. The frequency entrainment mechanism is robust in CCSM3 model, for example, under millennial fresh water discharge (Timmermann, et al, 2007;Liu et al, 2014); it also explains the CO2 and ice-sheet forcing on ENSO (Liu et al, 2014;Lu et al, 2016). The orbital forcing of ENSO, on the contrary, is quite different.…”

Section: Interactive Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lu¹

2017

Preprint

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We wish to sincerely thank both reviewers for careful reading of the manuscript and their thoughtful comments and criticism that have helped us improve its quality. We have addressed all comments raised by the reviewers to the best of our knowledge, and hope the revised version could better guide the readers through the methods we used and the mechanisms we proposed.Below, we copy all our response in Plain text. They will also be uploaded as the supplement in one pdf file where in the response we copy the reviewers' comments in bold and blue color, followed by the point-to-point reply, together with the revised manuscript

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Section: Interactive Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lu¹

2017

Preprint

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Precessional Forced Zonal Triple-Pole Anomalies in the Tropical Pacific Annual Cycle

et al. 2019

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Based on a transient simulation of the Community Earth System Model, we identified two anomalous “zonal triple-pole type” annual cycles in the equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature (SST), which were induced by precessional evolution of the summer-minus-winter insolation difference and the autumn-minus-spring insolation difference, respectively. For example, due to the increased summer–winter insolation contrast, a zonal positive–negative–positive pattern of equatorial SST anomalies was detected after subtracting basin-scale summer SST warming. The positive SST anomalies were associated with anomalous upward air flows over the western Pacific and eastern Pacific, whereas the negative SST anomalies in the central Pacific were coupled with anomalous downward air flows, oceanic upwelling, and thermocline cooling. These central Pacific anomalies were due to multiple air–sea interactions, particularly zonal advection feedback and Bjerknes feedback. This anomalous annual cycle also included winter equatorial air–sea coupled anomalies with similar spatial patterns but opposite signs. The annual mean equatorial rainfall was significantly increased west of 135°E but decreased between 135°E and 160°W in response to the moderately intensified Walker circulation west of 160°W. The autumn–spring insolation contrast induced similar seasonal reversed anomalies during autumn and spring, but the annual means were only weakly enhanced for the Walker circulation and the rainfall anomalies had smaller magnitudes east of 160°E. These distinct responses of the annual mean climate indicated different seasonal biases in terms of the equatorial SST and associated Walker circulation anomalies due to forcing by the two seasonal insolation contrasts, and these findings had meaningful implications for paleoceanographic studies.

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Evolution and forcing mechanisms of ENSO over the last 300,000 years in CCSM3

Cited by 2 publications

References 42 publications

Response to Reviewers' Comments

Response to Reviewers' Comments

Precessional Forced Zonal Triple-Pole Anomalies in the Tropical Pacific Annual Cycle

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