Evolution and genetic diversity of atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) from piglets with congenital tremor in Guangxi Province, Southern China

Shi, Kaichuang; Xie, Shouyu; Sun, Wenchao; Liu, Huixin; Zhao, Jing; Yin, Yanwen; Si, Hongbin; Qu, Shuping; Lu, Wei

doi:10.1002/vms3.407

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…APPV is a newly discovered swine pathogen, which has been reported in many countries [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Some provinces in China have reported this disease since it was discovered in the USA in 2015 [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. The infected newborn piglets show CT and, occasionally, splay legs [ 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, APPV was reported in many countries, such as China, Germany, Italy, Great Britain, Austria, Switzerland, Spain, Hungary, Brazil, Danmark, and Japan [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Guangdong was the first Chinese province to report APPV in 2016 [ 4 ], followed by its discovery in Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, and other provinces [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. The infected piglets are clinically characterized by the type A-II congenital tremor, and some occasionally display splay legs [ 18 , 19 ], while adult pigs may present persistent infection but intermittently shed virus [ 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a Crystal Digital RT-PCR for the Detection of Atypical Porcine Pestivirus

Liu

Shi

Feng

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV), a newly discovered virus, is associated with the type A-II congenital tremor (CT) in neonatal piglets. APPV distributes throughout the world and causes certain economic losses to the swine industry. The specific primers and probe were designed targeting the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of APPV to amplify a 90 bp fragment, and the recombinant standard plasmid was constructed. After optimizing the concentrations of primers and probe, annealing temperature, and reaction cycles, a crystal digital RT-PCR (cdRT-PCR) and real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) were successfully established. The results showed that the standard curves of the qRT-PCR and the cdRT-PCR had R2 values of 0.999 and 0.9998, respectively. Both methods could specifically detect APPV, and no amplification signal was obtained from other swine viruses. The limit of detection (LOD) of the cdRT-PCR was 0.1 copies/µL, and that of the qRT-PCR was 10 copies/µL. The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation of repeatability and reproducibility were less than 0.90% for the qRT-PCR and less than 5.27% for the cdRT-PCR. The 60 clinical tissue samples were analyzed using both methods, and the positivity rates of APPV were 23.33% by the qRT-PCR and 25% by the cdRT-PCR, with a coincidence rate of 98.33%. The results indicated that the cdRT-PCR and the qRT-PCR developed here are highly specific, sensitive methods for the rapid and accurate detection of APPV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Crystal Digital RT-PCR for the Detection of Atypical Porcine Pestivirus

Liu

Shi

Feng

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

Self Cite

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“…It is estimated that the number of piglets weaned by APPV-infected sows could reduce by 10%, and the mortality rate of newborn piglets affected by APPV could rise to 30% due to malnutrition [ 29 ]. APPV is widespread in pig herds throughout China and the world, posing a severe threat to the pig industry [ 30 ]. CSFV, ASFV, and APPV have become three important contagious, virulent infectious diseases in China, which show similar clinical signs and are difficult to distinguish from each other.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a quadruple PCR-based gene microarray for detection of vaccine and wild-type classical swine fever virus, African swine fever virus and atypical porcine pestivirus

Xia

Zhao

et al. 2022

Virol J

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Background Classical swine fever (CSF), African swine fever (ASF), and atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) are acute, virulent, and contagious viral diseases currently hampering the pig industry in China, which result in mummification or stillbirths in piglets and mortality in pigs. Diagnostic assays for the differentiation of infection and vaccination of CSFV, in addition to the detection of ASFV and APPV, are urgently required for better prevention, control, and elimination of these viral diseases in China. Methods A quadruple PCR-based gene microarray assay was developed in this study to simultaneously detect wild-type and vaccine CSFV strains, ASFV and APPV according to their conserved regions. Forty-two laboratory-confirmed samples, including positive samples of 10 other swine viral diseases, were tested using this assay to confirm its high specificity. Results This assay's limit of detections (LODs) for the wild-type and vaccine CSFV were 6.98 and 6.92 copies/µL. LODs for ASFV and APPV were 2.56 × 10 and 1.80 × 10 copies/µL, respectively. When compared with standard RT-PCR or qPCR for CSFV (GB/T 26875–2018), ASFV (MARR issue No.172), or APPV (CN108611442A) using 219 clinical samples, the coincidence was 100%. The results showed that this assay with high sensitivity could specifically distinguish ASFV, APPV, and CSFV, including CSFV infection and immunization. Conclusion This assay provides a practical, simple, economic, and reliable test for the rapid detection and accurate diagnosis of the three viruses and may have good prospects for application in an epidemiological investigation, prevention, and control and elimination of these three diseases.

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“…It is estimated that the number of piglets weaned by APPV infected sows could reduce by 10%, and the mortality rate of newborn piglets affected by APPV could rise up to 30% due to malnutrition [26]. APPV is widespread in pig herds throughout China and the world, posing a serious threat to pig industry [27].…”

Section: Detection Of Clinical Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a quadruple PCR-based gene microarray for detection of vaccine and wild-type classical swine fever virus, African swine fever virus and atypical porcine pestivirus.

Xia

Zhao

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Classical swine fever (CSF), African swine fever (ASF) and atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) are acute, virulent and contagious viral diseases currently hampering pig industry in China, which result in mummification or stillbirths in piglets and mortality in pigs. Diagnostic assay for the differentiation of infection and vaccination of CSFV in addition to the detection of ASFV and APPV are urgently required for better prevention, control and elimination of these viral diseases in China. Methods: A quadruple PCR-based gene microarray assay was developed in this study to simultaneously detect wild type and vaccine CSFV strains, ASFV and APPV according to their conserved regions. 42 laboratory confirmed samples including positive samples of other 10 swine viral diseases were tested using this assay to confirm its high specificity.Results: The limit of detections (LODs) of this assay for the wild type and vaccine CSFV were 6.98 and 6.92 copies/µL. LODs for ASFV and APPV were 2.56 ×10 and 1.80×10 copies/µL, respectively. When compared with standard RT-PCR or qPCR for CSFV (GB/T 26875-2018), ASFV (MARR issue No.172) or APPV（CN108611442A）using 219 clinical samples, the coincidence was 100%. The results showed that this assay with high sensitivity can specifically distinguish ASFV, APPV and CSFV including CSFV infection and immunization.Conclusion: This assay provides a practical, simple, economical and reliable test for the rapid detection and accurate diagnosis of the three viruses, and may have good prospects for application in epidemiological investigation, prevention and control and elimination of these three diseases.

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Evolution and genetic diversity of atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) from piglets with congenital tremor in Guangxi Province, Southern China

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 11 publications

References 41 publications

Development of a Crystal Digital RT-PCR for the Detection of Atypical Porcine Pestivirus

Development of a Crystal Digital RT-PCR for the Detection of Atypical Porcine Pestivirus

Development of a quadruple PCR-based gene microarray for detection of vaccine and wild-type classical swine fever virus, African swine fever virus and atypical porcine pestivirus

Development of a quadruple PCR-based gene microarray for detection of vaccine and wild-type classical swine fever virus, African swine fever virus and atypical porcine pestivirus.

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