Evolution and Specialization of Function in the Avian Auditory Periphery

Manley, Geoffrey A.; Gleich, Otto

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-2784-7_34

Cited by 39 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…it may be possible to in fer what occurred when and in which groups. It may also be possible to predict differences in soft tissue characters that may be found among the amniote groups in addition to those many which have already been noted [Carr, 1992;Manley and Gleich, 1992]. For example, the tympanic membranes of lizards and mammals form differently cmbryologically [Presley, 1984], Crocodile and bird tympana could be checked to test their possible separate evolution from each other or from those of lizards.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Tetrapod Ears and the Fossil Record

Ja¹

1997

Brain Behav Evol

130

112

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In the earliest tetrapods, the fenestra vestibuli was a large hole in the braincase wall bounded by bones of different embryological origins: the otic capsule and occipital arch components, and also, in all except the Devonian Acanthostega, the dermal parasphenoid. This means that the hole lay along the line of the embryonic metotic fissure. Early tetrapod braincases were poorly ossified internally, and no specialized opening for a perilymphatic duct is evident. It is arguable that the earliest tetrapods had neither a perilymphatic duct crossing the otic capsule nor a specialized auditory receptor in a separate lagenar pouch. The primitive tetrapod condition is found in the earliest amniotes, and the separate development of (1) a fenestra vestibuli confined to the limits of the otic capsule, (2) a specialized pressure relief window also derived from components on the line of the metotic fissure, (3) a nonstructural, vibratory stapes and (4) increased internal ossification of the internal walls of the otic capsule, can be traced separately in synapsids, lepidosauromorph diapsids, archosauromorph diapsids, probably turtles, and amphibians. This suggests separate development of true tympanic ears in each of these groups. Developments indicating the existence of a true tympanic ear in amniotes are first found in animals from the Triassic period, and a correlation with the evolution of insect sound production is suggested.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Tetrapod Ears and the Fossil Record

Ja¹

1997

Brain Behav Evol

130

112

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“…Evidently nearly normal hearing in bird is possible with a substantial defect of SHC. Although there is some analogy in the location and the innervation pattern of THC and SHC with mammalian inner and outer hair cells, and functional analogy has been suggested [Manley et al, 1989;Manley, 1990;Manley and Gleich, 1992;Smolders et al, 1995], the role of the avian SHC appears not to be as crucial for avian hearing as that of the outer hair cells for mammalian hearing.…”

Section: Functional Recovery and Hair Cell Regeneration After Sound Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Recovery in the Avian Ear after Hair Cell Regeneration

Smolders

1999

Audiol Neurotol

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Trauma to the inner ear in birds, due to acoustic overstimulation or ototoxic aminoglycosides, can lead to hair cell loss which is followed by regeneration of new hair cells. These processes are paralleled by hearing loss followed by significant functional recovery. After acoustic trauma, functional recovery is rapid and nearly complete. The early and major part of functional recovery after sound trauma occurs before regenerated hair cells become functional. Even very intense sound trauma causes loss of only a proportion of the hair cell popu- lation, mainly so-called short hair cells residing on the abneural mobile part of the avian basilar membrane. Uncoupling of the tectorial membrane from the hair cells during sound overexposure may serve as a protection mechanism. The rapid functional recovery after sound trauma appears not to be associated with regeneration of the lost hair cells, but with repair processes involving the surviving hair cells. Small residual functional deficits after recovery are most likely associated with the missing upper fibrous layer of the tectorial membrane which fails to regenerate after sound trauma. After aminoglycoside trauma, functional recovery is slower and parallels the structural regeneration more closely. Aminoglycosides cause damage to both types of hair cells, starting at the basal (high frequency) part of the basilar papilla. However, functional hearing loss and recovery also occur at lower frequencies, associated with areas of the papilla where hair cells survive. Functional recovery in these low frequency areas is complete, whereas functional recovery in high frequency areas with complete hair cell loss is incomplete, despite regeneration of the hair cells. Permanent residual functional deficits remain. This indicates that in low frequency regions functional recovery after aminoglycosides involves repair of nonlethal injury to hair cells and/or hair cell-neural synapses. In the high frequency regions functional recovery involves regenerated hair cells. The permanent functional deficits after the regeneration process in these areas are most likely associated with functional deficits in the regenerated hair cells or shortcomings in the synaptic reconnections of nerve fibers with the regenerated hair cells. In conclusion, the avian inner ear appears to be much more resistant to trauma than the mammalian ear and possesses a considerable capacity for functional recovery based on repair processes along with its capacity to regenerate hair cells. The functional recovery in areas with regenerated hair cells is considerable but incomplete.

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“…Modern avian and crocodilian cochleas are quite similar to one another, suggesting that they resemble that of the common ancestor [Manley and Gleich, 1992], Although these cochleas also show many general similarities to mam malian cochleas, it is thought that they represent an inde pendent development |Wever. 1974].…”

Section: Birdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some sort of micromechanical tuning mechanism(s) have been ob served or strongly suggested in species of all vertebrate Ear Evolution lirain Bchav Uvot t997-.50:2l3-22l 2I7 classes [mammals: Patuzzi, 1996: birds: Manley andGleich. 1992;reptiles: Koppl and Manley.…”

Section: Frequency Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the Ear and Hearing: Issues and Questions

1997

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The ear appears to have arisen early in the evolution of the vertebrates. While there are significant interspecific differences in ear structure, it appears that receptor cell structure and the basic function of the ear and auditory system are similar among all vertebrate groups. In this paper we present the evolution of the sensory hair cells of the ear, the origins of the ear itself, and selected functions of the sense of hearing. We argue that there have been strong selective pressures in most vertebrate groups for the sorts of sound encoding and processing abilities that result in the efficient detection, localization, and identification of sound sources in noisy environments. Many of the encoding and processing strategies underlying these functions are shared as well.

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Evolution and Specialization of Function in the Avian Auditory Periphery

Cited by 39 publications

References 55 publications

The Evolution of Tetrapod Ears and the Fossil Record

The Evolution of Tetrapod Ears and the Fossil Record

Functional Recovery in the Avian Ear after Hair Cell Regeneration

Evolution of the Ear and Hearing: Issues and Questions

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