Evolution of a Florida Thunderstorm during the Convection and Precipitation/Electrification Experiment: The Case of 9 August 1991

Bringi, V. N.; Knupp, Kevin R.; Detwiler, Andrew; Liu, L.; Caylor, I. J.; Black, Roger W.

doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125<2131:eoaftd>2.0.co;2

Cited by 90 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Extensive vertical cell growth and hail and graupel occurrence in the mixed-phase layer of the cloud, detected in the polarimetric radar data, precede the onset of significant lightning activity by 15 min and 5 min, respectively. Similar lead times were reported in other studies where they were found between 5 and 20 min (Bringi et al, 1997;Altaratz et al, 2001;Motley et al, 2006). From this study it can be concluded that ec-TRAM is a feasible method to identify and track thunderstorms in high spatial and temporal resolution.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Automated thunderstorm tracking: utilization of three-dimensional lightning and radar data

2013

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This paper presents a new hybrid method for automated thunderstorm observation by tracking and monitoring of electrically charged cells (ec-TRAM). The developed algorithm combines information about intense ground precipitation derived from low-level radar-reflectivity scans with three-dimensionally resolved lightning data, which are provided by the European VLF/LF lightning detection network LINET. Based on the already existing automated radar tracker rad-TRAM (Kober and Tafferner, 2009), the new method li-TRAM identifies and tracks electrically active regions in thunderclouds using lightning data only. The algorithm ec-TRAM uses the output of the two autonomously operating routines rad-TRAM and li-TRAM in order to assess, track, and monitor a more comprehensive picture of thunderstorms. The main motivation of this work is to assess the benefit of three-dimensionally resolved total lightning (TL) information for thunderstorm tracking and monitoring. The focus is laid on the temporal development whereby TL is characterized by an effective in-cloud (IC) and cloud-to-ground (CG) event discrimination. It is found that the algorithms li-TRAM and ec-TRAM are both feasible methods for thunderstorm monitoring with potential for nowcasting. The tracking performance of li-TRAM turns out to be comparable to that of rad-TRAM, a result that strongly encourages utilization of lightning data as independent data source for thunderstorm tracking. It is found that lightning data allow an accurate and close monitoring of storm regions with intense internal dynamics as soon as convection induces electrical activity. A case study shows that the current short-term storm dynamics are clearly reflected in the amount of strokes, change of stroke rates and IC/CG ratio. The hybrid method ec-TRAM outperforms rad-TRAM and li-TRAM regarding reliability and continuous assessment of storm tracks especially in more complexly developing storms, where the use of discharge information contributes to more detailed information about storm stage and storm evolution

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Automated thunderstorm tracking: utilization of three-dimensional lightning and radar data

2013

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“…This confirms the occurrence of cloud merger by the coalescence of interacting updrafts at middle and higher levels coincident with a maximum reflectivity core (Kogan and Shapiro, 1996;Stalker and Knupp, 2003). Byers and Braham (1949) and Bringi et al (1997) in observational studies and Kogan and Shapiro (1996) and Stalker and Knupp (2003) in numerical studies considering rainwater isolines, have shown similar results. Downdrafts are dominant at low levels and a new cell appears to the right of A2 due to the convergence with the environmental wind (Fig.…”

Section: Cloud Merger Between Cells At Different Stages Of Developmentsupporting

confidence: 81%

A numerical study of cell merger over Cuba – Part I: implementation of the ARPS/MM5 models

Pozo¹,

Borrajero²,

Marín³

et al. 2006

Ann. Geophys.

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Abstract. On 21 July 2001 a number of severe storms developed over the region of Camaguey, Cuba, which were observed by radar. A numerical simulation was performed in order to realistically reproduce the development of the storms observed that day. The mesoscale model MM5 was used to determine the initial, boundary and update conditions for the storm-scale simulation with the model ARPS. Changes to the source code of ARPS were made in order to assimilate the output from the MM5 as input data and a new land-use file with a 1-km horizontal resolution for the Cuban territory was created.A case representing the merger between cells at different stages of development was correctly reproduced by the simulation and is in good agreement with radar observations. The state of development of each cell, the time when the merger occurred, starting from the formation of clouds, the propagation motion of the cells and the increase in precipitation, due to the growth of the area after the merger, were correctly reproduced. Simulated clouds matched the main characteristics of the observed radar echoes, though in some cases, reflectivity tops and horizontal areas were overestimated. Maximum reflectivity values and the heights where these maximum values were located were in good agreement with radar data, particularly when the model reflectivity was calculated without including the snow. The MM5/ARPS configuration introduced in this study, improved sensibly the ability to simulate convective systems, thereby enhancing the local forecasting of convection in the region.

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“…Therefore, additional lead time can be realized to protect life and property using the spatial information derived from datasets such as the NALMA. It is likely that radar or electric field measurements are needed to predict the graupel and electric field needed to produce lightning in events where zero lead time was observed on the first CG flash (e.g., Dye et al 1986, Bringi et al 1997, Woodard et al 2012). …”

Section: A Detection Of More Lightning Because Of Higher Frequency Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Lightning Decision Support Using VHF Total Lightning Mapping and NLDN Cloud-to-Ground Data in North Alabama

Schultz¹,

Stano²,

Meyer³

et al. 2017

J. Operational Meteor.

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Evolution of a Florida Thunderstorm during the Convection and Precipitation/Electrification Experiment: The Case of 9 August 1991

Cited by 90 publications

References 34 publications

Automated thunderstorm tracking: utilization of three-dimensional lightning and radar data

Automated thunderstorm tracking: utilization of three-dimensional lightning and radar data

A numerical study of cell merger over Cuba – Part I: implementation of the ARPS/MM5 models

Lightning Decision Support Using VHF Total Lightning Mapping and NLDN Cloud-to-Ground Data in North Alabama

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