Evolution of influenza A and B viruses: conservation of structural features in the hemagglutinin genes.

Krystal, Mark; Elliott, Richard M.; Benz, Edmund W.; Young, James F.; Palese, Peter

doi:10.1073/pnas.79.15.4800

Cited by 156 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The 60% level of homology between the nucleotide sequences of PB1 genes of A and B viruses is greater than the lowest homologies seen among nucleotide sequences of HAl subunits of the 14 HA subtypes of influenza A viruses (31.3 to 60.6%) (81). By comparison, the nucleotide sequences of the HAl subunits of influenza A and B viruses show 36% homology (92). The greater range in variation among influenza A virus HAl nucleotide sequences than between influenza B virus HAl and their influenza A virus counterparts suggests that influenza B viruses diverged from the A viruses after divergence of the early ancestors of present-day HA subtypes.…”

Section: Common Ancestry For Human and Classic Swinementioning

confidence: 79%

Evolution and Ecology of Influenza A Viruses

Yoon

Webby

Webster

2014

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology

295

292

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Section: Common Ancestry For Human and Classic Swinementioning

confidence: 79%

Evolution and Ecology of Influenza A Viruses

Yoon

Webby

Webster

2014

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology

295

292

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“…In preliminary experiments and using standard techniques [7,8,18] we observed biochemical differences between the HA of A/Florence/2/84 in the two phases (J. Robertson and J. S. Oxford, unpublished). Of particular significance may be glycosylation site differences between the HAs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

The haemagglutinins of influenza A (H1N1) viruses in the ‘O’ or ‘D’ phases exhibit biological and antigenic differences

Azzi¹,

Bartolomei-Corsi²,

Zakrzewska³

et al. 1993

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SummaryInfluenza A (H1N1) viruses when initially isolated in mammalian cell cultures (MDCK cells) had different agglutination reactions with chicken and guinea-pig erythrocytes compared to the same viruses after passage. On first isolation the virus HA resembled the ‘O’ phase viruses described originally by Burnet and Bull and agglutinated mammalian but not avian erythrocytes. After passage, the virus HA resembled a classical ‘D’ phase virus and agglutinated both avian and mammalian erythrocytes. Monoclonal and polyclonal antisera detected antigenic differences between the HAs of the viruses in the ‘O’ and ‘D’ phases. The ‘O’ phase virus HA reacted preferentially with antibodies in post infection human antisera. Viruses in the ‘O’ phase replicated poorly in the allantoic cavity of embryonated hens' eggs whilst ‘D’ phase virus replicated in both MDCK cells and in embryonated hens' eggs. At least three distinguishable subpopulations of influenza A (H1N1) viruses may co-exist in clinical throat swab material, including viruses possessing HAs in the ‘O’ and ‘D’ phases and other ‘D’ phase viruses cultivable in embryonated hens' eggs but antigenically distinguishable from the corresponding ‘D’ phase virus in MDCK cells.

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“…3(d), in which there is a diagonal line that suggests homology between the N termini of NDV F~ and influenza C virus HA2. Homologies of the NDV F amino acid sequence to influenza A and B virus HA sequences (Porter et al, 1979;Krystal et al, 1982) were less strong (not shown).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Nucleotide Sequence of the Gene Encoding the Fusion Glycoprotein of Newcastle Disease Virus

Chambers

Millar

Emmerson

1986

Journal of General Virology

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SUMMARYThe nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the fusion (F) glycoprotein of the Beaudette C strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been determined from cDNA clones obtained from virion RNA. The gene is 1792 nucleotides long, including mRNA start and polyadenylation signals typical of paramyxoviruses. The single open reading frame encodes a polypeptide of 553 amino acids, with a predicted molecular weight of 59042. The F polypeptide has three regions of high hydrophobicity: an Nterminal signal peptide, the N terminus of F~ (known from protein sequencing) and a C-terminal membrane-spanning region by which the F glycoprotein is anchored to the membrane. The cleavage site of F0 is located in a highly basic region of the F polypeptide. Five potential asparagine-linked glycosylation sites are present in the amino acid sequence, of which one is in Fz and the others in F~. Comparison of the NDV F amino acid sequence to those from other paramyxoviruses reveals homology to Sendai virus, simian virus 5 and human respiratory syncytial virus. There is also limited homology between the N terminus ofF1 of NDV and the N termini of HA2 of influenza viruses. Post-translational modifications of the NDV F polypeptide are discussed in the light of information provided by the amino acid sequence.

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Evolution of influenza A and B viruses: conservation of structural features in the hemagglutinin genes.

Cited by 156 publications

References 32 publications

Evolution and Ecology of Influenza A Viruses

Evolution and Ecology of Influenza A Viruses

The haemagglutinins of influenza A (H1N1) viruses in the ‘O’ or ‘D’ phases exhibit biological and antigenic differences

Nucleotide Sequence of the Gene Encoding the Fusion Glycoprotein of Newcastle Disease Virus

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