“…Silumines designed for internal combustion engine pistons are among the most complex in terms of chemical composition, cast alloys. These are metal materials of the Al-Si-Cu-Mg-(Ni)-(Mn)-(Fe)-(Zn) system, often supplemented by alloying additives (Mo, Cr, Co, W or V), silicon eutectic modifiers (K, Na, Sr), as well as Al-solid solution grain choppers (Sc, Ti, V, Zr, B) and primary silicon crystal modifiers (P, S) (Lezhnev et al, 2018;Szymczak et al, 2018). In specialist publications, there are also views on the appropriateness of introducing other alloyed additives into piston silos, which are grain shredders or modifiers.…”