Evolution of mixing in a microfluidic reverse-staggered herringbone micromixer

Hama, Brian; Mahajan, Gautam; Fodor, Petru S.; Kaufman, Miron; Kothapalli, Chandrasekhar R.

doi:10.1007/s10404-018-2074-0

Cited by 51 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…While the fabrication of the proposed designs is slightly more complex, as it requires fabricating both the main channel structure as well as the groove structure, it is well within the capabilities of typical methods used for microfluidic device development [39]. In particular, the proposed devices can be fabricated using soft-lithography techniques [40,60] based on replica molding transfer to PDMS polymer from silicon stamps prepared using two-layer lithography. The use of oxygen plasma-activated PDMS polymer also provides high wettability for the channel surfaces [60], consistent with the assumption made in the above numerical study of no-slip boundary conditions at all the walls.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Arrays of obstacles [28][29][30][31], ridge-groove systems [32][33][34], two-or three-dimensional turns [35,36], and curved channel sections [17,37,38] have been successfully used to exploit the already existent pressure differentials necessary to push the fluids of interest along the microfluidic device, in order to generate cross-sectional flows capable of stretching, folding, and splitting fluid elements conducive to efficient mixing. Aside from a proven ability to reach the necessary mixing quality, passive designs benefit from being accessible to a variety of fabrication methods including soft lithography [39,40], 3D printing [41], and molecular imprinting [42]. This, together with accurate computational modeling of the fluid and reactant dynamics in these devices accessible through a variety of popular CFD packages, has enabled an efficient pipeline for the design, optimization, prototyping, and testing of passive mixers [33,[43][44][45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At Reynolds numbers below 100, two vertically stacked vortices are formed, although more complex flow geometries can be achieved by operating at higher Reynolds numbers [17], or by using geometrical modifications such as surface patterns [46], modulation of the side walls [47], misaligned inlets [48], unbalanced sub-channels [49], non-rectangular cross-sections [50], or three-dimensional turns [51]. The second geometrical topology ( Figure 1b) uses an array of slanted V-shaped asymmetric groove-ridge patterns placed on the bottom [32,40], or top and bottom [48] of the channel. The resistance profile presented by the groove-ridge patterns to the fluid flow allows for the axial pressure gradient between the inlet and the outlet to drive the transversal components of the flow, resulting in horizontally stacked vortices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mixing Optimization in Grooved Serpentine Microchannels

2020

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Computational fluid dynamics modeling at Reynolds numbers ranging from 10 to 100 was used to characterize the performance of a new type of micromixer employing a serpentine channel with a grooved surface. The new topology exploits the overlap between the typical Dean flows present in curved channels due to the centrifugal forces experienced by the fluids, and the helical flows induced by slanted groove-ridge patterns with respect to the direction of the flow. The resulting flows are complex, with multiple vortices and saddle points, leading to enhanced mixing across the section of the channel. The optimization of the mixers with respect to the inner radius of curvature (Rin) of the serpentine channel identifies the designs in which the mixing index quality is both high (M > 0.95) and independent of the Reynolds number across all the values investigated.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mixing Optimization in Grooved Serpentine Microchannels

2020

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“…Since then, all the staggered herringbones grooves (SHG) follow a similar approach (Figure 1b). For SHG, a mixing performance of ≥99% at Re = 1 at a mixing length of 5.8 mm was reported [36]. The SHG mixer is a good candidate for flow-through devices in applications that require a high degree of mixing within a relatively small mixing length.…”

Section: Micromixing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic Magnetic Mixing at Low Reynolds Numbers and in Stagnant Fluids

et al. 2019

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Microfluidic mixing becomes a necessity when thorough sample homogenization is required in small volumes of fluid, such as in lab-on-a-chip devices. For example, efficient mixing is extraordinarily challenging in capillary-filling microfluidic devices and in microchambers with stagnant fluids. To address this issue, specifically designed geometrical features can enhance the effect of diffusion and provide efficient mixing by inducing chaotic fluid flow. This scheme is known as “passive” mixing. In addition, when rapid and global mixing is essential, “active” mixing can be applied by exploiting an external source. In particular, magnetic mixing (where a magnetic field acts to stimulate mixing) shows great potential for high mixing efficiency. This method generally involves magnetic beads and external (or integrated) magnets for the creation of chaotic motion in the device. However, there is still plenty of room for exploiting the potential of magnetic beads for mixing applications. Therefore, this review article focuses on the advantages of magnetic bead mixing along with recommendations on improving mixing in low Reynolds number flows (Re ≤ 1) and in stagnant fluids.

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“…Microfluidic mixers are important components for the rapid mixing of chemical species in the typical low Reynolds number flow of microfluidic applications (27). Monolithic mixers have been fabricated by soft lithography (28,29) and additive manufacturing (30,31). Extrusion-based printing allows for the convenient incorporation of multiple materials within the same structure (32).…”

Section: D Printed Microfluidic Mixersmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D printed self-supporting elastomeric structures for multifunctional microfluidics

Wen

et al. 2020

Sci. Adv.

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Microfluidic devices fabricated via soft lithography have demonstrated compelling applications such as lab-on-a-chip diagnostics, DNA microarrays, and cell-based assays. These technologies could be further developed by directly integrating microfluidics with electronic sensors and curvilinear substrates as well as improved automation for higher throughput. Current additive manufacturing methods, such as stereolithography and multi-jet printing, tend to contaminate substrates with uncured resins or supporting materials during printing. Here, we present a printing methodology based on precisely extruding viscoelastic inks into self-supporting microchannels and chambers without requiring sacrificial materials. We demonstrate that, in the submillimeter regime, the yield strength of the as-extruded silicone ink is sufficient to prevent creep within a certain angular range. Printing toolpaths are specifically designed to realize leakage-free connections between channels and chambers, T-shaped intersections, and overlapping channels. The self-supporting microfluidic structures enable the automatable fabrication of multifunctional devices, including multimaterial mixers, microfluidic-integrated sensors, automation components, and 3D microfluidics.

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Evolution of mixing in a microfluidic reverse-staggered herringbone micromixer

Cited by 51 publications

References 40 publications

Mixing Optimization in Grooved Serpentine Microchannels

Mixing Optimization in Grooved Serpentine Microchannels

Microfluidic Magnetic Mixing at Low Reynolds Numbers and in Stagnant Fluids

3D printed self-supporting elastomeric structures for multifunctional microfluidics

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