Evolution of technology in teaching: Blackboard and beyond in Medical Education

Abstract

Teaching and learningthe passing of knowledge from one generation to another - has been in existence from the earliest times of human civilization. It began in 1801, with a large piece of slate hung on the wall in a school in Scotland to provide information to a large audience at one time. In the US by mid-19th century, every class room had a blackboard to teach students. The modern version of the blackboard is either green or brown board. This was introduced in late 1960s. The whiteboards came into use during the late 1980s. Projected aids have been used since 1420. The various devices used are the epidiascope, slide projector, overhead projector for transparencies and the micro projector. An instrument to project images from a horizontal surface onto a vertical screen was invented in the 1870s. By the 1960s, transparencies were in use in classrooms. The ‘Hyalotype’, a transparent image of a photograph using actual black and white photographs on a glass slide that could be projected was invented in 1851. By 1916, the German company Agfa started producing colored lantern slides. The first version of PowerPoint was released by Microsoft in the year 1990.Cell phones, palmtops, and handheld computers; tablets, laptops, and media players are included under mobile learning devices. With the evolution of technology, students achieved competence and interested in interactive learning. The education industry has moved from distance learning to e-learning and finally to m-learning as knowledge expanded exponentially and the demand escalated.While using teaching aids with advanced technology, we must not forget the lessons from the past, striking a balance between embracing new methods of teaching and learning while upholding the timeless principles of education. The newer educational technology can be part of a comprehensive system for lifelong education.Conclusion: Use of technology in education has come a long way since the earliest times of human civilization. While embarking on aids with advanced technology, we need to take full cognizance of the lessons from the past, striking a balance between embracing new methods of teaching and learning while holding on to the timeless principles of education. Thus, the newer educational technology can be effective tools of teaching and learning in this rapidly changing technological world and be part of a comprehensive system for lifelong education.Acknowledgements: The authors wish to acknowledge Prof. Raja Bandaranayake for his valuable suggestions and editing this manuscript.

Technology-Enhanced Learning and Teaching Methodologies through Audiovisual Media

“…Among the forms of visual media are printed visuals, such as photos, drawings, shapes, sketches, cartoons, comics, as well as books, newspapers, and magazines; and projected visuals, which are ranked as the most effective visual media because they are based on the basic principles of gradual presentation of information and visual representation, enabling the teacher to adapt, control, and prepare the material of the lesson [27,28]. Some examples of projected visuals materials are: (a) projection slides through the overhead projector [29] and (b) the use of presentation software (e.g., Microsoft PowerPoint) via the computer, connected to a projector [30]. It is worth mentioning that the use of presentation software in the educational process is the most widespread form today [31], since it allows the creation of visual material with multimedia projection, combining text, images, drawings, diagrams, sound, and/or video and mainly motion.…”

Імплементація Кейс-Методу У Формуванні Клінічного Мислення Студентів-Медиків

“…Можливості сучасних інформаційних технологій можуть реалізуватися на основі баз даних у вигляді персонального клінічного архіву (історії хвороб із лабораторними та інструментальними методами дослідження). Його використання в освітній роботі дозволить користувачу збирати та обробляти великі об'єми власних клінічних спостережень [5]. Мета персонального клінічного архіву полягає в збереженні результатів курації хворих, пошуку необхідної інфор мації за симптомом, синдромом, діагнозом та можливості відновити клінічний випадок за його клінічними даними.…”

“…Стимулювати зацікавленість до клінічного випадку. 5. Спонукати студентів до логічного мислення та відповідальності за своє рішення.…”

Influence of dry erase ink solvent mixtures on eye irritation

“…The whiteboards or dry-erase boards came into use in the late 1980s. By the1990s most of the class rooms were replaced with whiteboards instead of blackboards (Muttappallymyalil et al, 2016).…”