Evolution of the ASF Infection Stage in Wild Boar Within the EU (2014–2018)

Martínez‐Avilés, Marta; Iglesias, I.; Torre, Ana de la

doi:10.3389/fvets.2020.00155

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The much higher ASFV prevalence estimates in wild boar found dead are not surprising, since several studies have demonstrated the high case/fatality ratio of ASF and the resulting higher probability of obtaining ASFV-positive samples from wild boar found dead, as already mentioned [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 26 , 42 ]. The findings of the present study also confirm the results of previous analyses of Lithuanian surveillance data [ 9 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Recent data analyses in Estonia and Latvia suggest that the efforts to fight ASF are rewarded, since the number of ASF virus (ASFV)-positive wild boar has decreased. In contrast, the number of hunted wild boar that tested positive for ASFV-specific antibodies, but negative for ASFV, has increased [ 24 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. This course of disease may result from an accumulation of surviving animals and the simultaneous absence of new infections [ 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This course of disease may result from an accumulation of surviving animals and the simultaneous absence of new infections [ 27 , 28 ]. The circulation of an attenuated virus or the existence of ASFV carrier animals has also been discussed as possible causes for this epidemiological course of ASF [ 26 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. In Lithuania, however, the analyses of ASF surveillance data performed until 2018 indicate an ongoing epidemic situation with regular occurrence of newly infected wild boar [ 9 , 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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African Swine Fever and Its Epidemiological Course in Lithuanian Wild Boar

Schulz

Masiulis

Staubach

et al. 2021

Viruses

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African swine fever (ASF) has been present in Lithuania since 2014. It is mainly the wild boar population that is affected. Currently, little is known about the epidemiological course of ASF in Lithuania. In the present study, ASF surveillance data from 2016–2021 were analyzed. The numbers of samples taken from hunted wild boar and wild boar found dead per year and month were recorded and the prevalence was estimated for each study month and administrative unit. A Bayesian space–time model was used to calculate the temporal trend of the prevalence estimates. In addition, population data were analyzed on a yearly basis. Most samples were investigated in 2016 and 2017 and originated from hunted animals. Prevalence estimates of ASF virus-positive wild boar decreased from May 2019 onwards. Seroprevalence estimates showed a slight decrease at the same time, but they increased again at the end of the study period. A significant decrease in the population density was observed over time. The results of the study show that ASF is still present in the Lithuanian wild boar population. A joint interdisciplinary effort is needed to identify weaknesses in the control of ASF in Lithuania and to combat the disease more successfully.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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African Swine Fever and Its Epidemiological Course in Lithuanian Wild Boar

Schulz

Masiulis

Staubach

et al. 2021

Viruses

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“…Experimental infections with highly virulent ASFV strains usually do not lead to measurable antibody titers in serum, because the animals reach the humane endpoint before mounting a measurable antibody response [ 23 , 43 ]. However, reports of PCR-negative, but seropositive, animals increase in the hunting bag of affected regions [ 44 ]. Among them are also young animals (<12 month) that seem to have survived the infection and possess ASFV-specific serum antibodies [ 45 ].…”

Section: Immunologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During recent years, an increasing seroprevalence regarding ASFV of up to 7% was observed in all three countries of the Baltic states [ 5 , 14 , 44 , 90 ].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

African Swine Fever in Wild Boar in Europe—A Review

Sauter‐Louis

Conraths

Probst

et al. 2021

Viruses

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114

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The introduction of genotype II African swine fever (ASF) virus, presumably from Africa into Georgia in 2007, and its continuous spread through Europe and Asia as a panzootic disease of suids, continues to have a huge socio-economic impact. ASF is characterized by hemorrhagic fever leading to a high case/fatality ratio in pigs. In Europe, wild boar are especially affected. This review summarizes the currently available knowledge on ASF in wild boar in Europe. The current ASF panzootic is characterized by self-sustaining cycles of infection in the wild boar population. Spill-over and spill-back events occur from wild boar to domestic pigs and vice versa. The social structure of wild boar populations and the spatial behavior of the animals, a variety of ASF virus (ASFV) transmission mechanisms and persistence in the environment complicate the modeling of the disease. Control measures focus on the detection and removal of wild boar carcasses, in which ASFV can remain infectious for months. Further measures include the reduction in wild boar density and the limitation of wild boar movements through fences. Using these measures, the Czech Republic and Belgium succeeded in eliminating ASF in their territories, while the disease spread in others. So far, no vaccine is available to protect wild boar or domestic pigs reliably against ASF.

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