Evolution of the crack network in glass samples submitted to brittle creep conditions

Mallet, Céline; Fortin, Jérôme; Guéguen, Yves; Bouyer, Frédéric

doi:10.1007/s10704-014-9978-9

Cited by 25 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Calculating the crack length gives a mean crack propagation of 3.2 mm after the eight successive steps for Exp 1. This result is in a good agreement with the microstructural measurements that can be found in the study of Mallet et al [] where cracked glass samples are submitted to brittle creep tests and are recovered before their failure in tertiary creep. Cracks have been observed and measured.…”

Section: Interpretation Of the Results And Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Brittle creep and subcritical crack propagation in glass submitted to triaxial conditions

et al. 2015

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An experimental work is presented that aimed at improving our understanding of the mechanical evolution of cracks under brittle creep conditions. Brittle creep may be an important slow deformation process in the Earth's crust. Synthetic glass samples have been used to observe and document brittle creep due to slow crack‐propagation. A crack density of 0.05 was introduced in intact synthetic glass samples by thermal shock. Creep tests were performed at constant confining pressure (15 MPa) for water saturated conditions. Data were obtained by maintaining the differential‐stress constant in steps of 24 h duration. A set of sensors allowed us to record strains and acoustic emissions during creep. The effect of temperature on creep was investigated from ambient temperature to 70°C. The activation energy for crack growth was found to be 32 kJ/mol. In secondary creep, a large dilatancy was observed that did not occur in constant strain rate tests. This is correlated to acoustic emission activity associated with crack growth. As a consequence, slow crack growth has been evidenced in glass. Beyond secondary creep, failure in tertiary creep was found to be a progressive process. The data are interpreted through a previously developed micromechanical damage model that describes crack propagation. This model allows one to predict the secondary brittle creep phase and also to give an analytical expression for the time to rupture. Comparison between glass and crystalline rock indicates that the brittle creep behavior is probably controlled by the same process even if stress sensitivity for glass is lower than for rocks.

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Section: Interpretation Of the Results And Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Brittle creep and subcritical crack propagation in glass submitted to triaxial conditions

et al. 2015

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“…To interpret the evolution of the ultrasonic velocities, we consider a porous rock made of a mixture of solid grains, spherical pores, and penny‐shaped cracks of radius c and aperture w . Inverted crack densities offer a quantitative description of the damage due to cracks [ Nasseri et al , ; Mallet et al , , ; Regnet et al , ]. We use Budiansky and O'Connell 's [] definition of crack density ρ c :

ρ_{c} = \frac{1}{V} \sum_{i = 1}^{N} c_{i}^{3},

where c i is the radius of the i th crack and N is the total number of cracks embedded in the representative elementary volume V .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…To interpret the evolution of the ultrasonic velocities, we consider a porous rock made of a mixture of solid grains, spherical pores, and penny-shaped cracks of radius c and aperture w. Inverted crack densities offer a quantitative description of the damage due to cracks [Nasseri et al, 2007;Mallet et al, 2013Mallet et al, , 2014Regnet et al, 2015a]. We use Budiansky and O'Connell's [1976] definition of crack density c :…”

Section: Crack Densitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the latter case, failure occurs by static fatigue because subcritical crack growth (see review by Atkinson [1984]) leads to a localization of damage (see review by Brantut et al [2013]). Subcritical crack growth was observed in brittle media such as glasses [Orowan, 1944;Charles, 1958;Wiederhorn and Bolz, 1970;Swanson, 1984;Mallet et al, 2014Mallet et al, , 2015a, sandstones [Holder et al, 2001;Heap et al, 2009a], granites [Kranz, 1979;Swanson, 1984;Lockner, 1993;Wang et al, 2015a], shales [Swanson, 1984], basalts [Swanson, 1984;Heap et al, 2011], gabbros [Meredith and Atkinson, 1985], or limestones [Rutter, 1972;Eslami et al, 2012;Brantut et al, 2013Brantut et al, , 2014, among other rock types [Atkinson and Meredith, 1987], and modeled micromechanically [e.g., Amitrano and Helmstetter, 2006;Brantut et al, 2012;Mallet et al, 2015a;Wang et al, 2015b].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brittle and semibrittle creep of Tavel limestone deformed at room temperature

et al. 2017

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Deformation and failure mode of carbonate rocks depend on the confining pressure. In this study, the mechanical behavior of a limestone with an initial porosity of 14.7% is investigated at constant stress. At confining pressures below 55 MPa, dilatancy associated with microfracturing occurs during constant stress steps, ultimately leading to failure, similar to creep in other brittle media. At confining pressures higher than 55 MPa, depending on applied differential stress, inelastic compaction occurs, accommodated by crystal plasticity and characterized by constant ultrasonic wave velocities, or dilatancy resulting from nucleation and propagation of cracks due to local stress concentrations associated with dislocation pileups, ultimately causing failure. Strain rates during secondary creep preceding dilative brittle failure are sensitive to stress, while rates during compactive creep exhibit an insensitivity to stress indicative of the operation of crystal plasticity, in agreement with elastic wave velocity evolution and microstructural observations.

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“…Actually, compressive creep behavior has also been widely studied for other brittle materials, such as glass and concrete (Liu et al 2002;Ranaivomanana et al 2013;Mallet et al 2014). Mechanisms such as the microcrack growth of brittle rocks were also observed.…”

Section: Validation Of the Theoretical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Macroscopic Brittle Creep Failure Caused by Microcrack Growth Under Step Loading and Unloading in Rocks

Shao

2016

Rock Mech Rock Eng

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The growth of subcritical cracks plays an important role in the creep of brittle rock. The stress path has a great influence on creep properties. A micromechanics-based model is presented to study the effect of the stress path on creep properties. The microcrack model of Ashby and Sammis, Charles' Law, and a new micro-macro relation are employed in our model. This new micro-macro relation is proposed by using the correlation between the micromechanical and macroscopic definition of damage. A stress path function is also introduced by the relationship between stress and time. Theoretical expressions of the stress-strain relationship and creep behavior are derived. The effects of confining pressure on the stress-strain relationship are studied. Crack initiation stress and peak stress are achieved under different confining pressures. The applied constant stress that could cause creep behavior is predicted. Creep properties are studied under the step loading of axial stress or the unloading of confining pressure. Rationality of the micromechanics-based model is verified by the experimental results of Jinping marble. Furthermore, the effects of model parameters and the unloading rate of confining pressure on creep behavior are analyzed. The coupling effect of step axial stress and confining pressure on creep failure is also discussed. The results provide implications on the deformation behavior and time-delayed rockburst mechanism caused by microcrack growth on surrounding rocks during deep underground excavations.

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Evolution of the crack network in glass samples submitted to brittle creep conditions

Cited by 25 publications

References 30 publications

Brittle creep and subcritical crack propagation in glass submitted to triaxial conditions

Brittle creep and subcritical crack propagation in glass submitted to triaxial conditions

Brittle and semibrittle creep of Tavel limestone deformed at room temperature

Investigation of Macroscopic Brittle Creep Failure Caused by Microcrack Growth Under Step Loading and Unloading in Rocks

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