Evolution of the Diatoms (Bacillariophyta)

Kooistra, Wiebe H. C. F.; Medlin, Linda K.

doi:10.1006/mpev.1996.0088

Cited by 145 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The large influence of diatom species composition should be expected from a group that evolved ,240 million yr ago and has radiated into one of the most diverse groups of eukaryotes (Kooistra and Medlin 1996). Their evolutionary history has produced diatom communities composed of species with strikingly diverse physiological requirements for silicon and different responses to shifting environmental conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frustule‐related gene transcription and the influence of diatom community composition on silica precipitation in an iron‐limited environment

Durkin

Marchetti

Bender

et al. 2012

Limnology & Oceanography

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A microcosm study in iron-limited waters of the northeast subarctic Pacific Ocean was conducted to examine how iron availability affects the frustule-related response of individual diatoms and thus the total quantity of silica precipitated by the community. New silica precipitated per cell was estimated using the fluorescent cell stain 2-(4-pyridyl)-5{[4-dimethylaminoethyl-aminocarbamoyl)-methoxy]phenyl}oxazole (PDMPO). Differences in new silica precipitation within a particular genus before and after iron enrichment were small compared to differences among genera, indicating that the quantity of total silica precipitated is particularly sensitive to community composition. Transcriptional patterns of genes encoding silicon transporters, aminopropyltransferases, chitin synthases, and a protein with uncharacterized function were measured in natural populations to identify indicators of the frustule-related responses of different genera to iron limitation. Transcripts associated with silicon transporters were the most readily detectable in three metatranscriptome datasets and were capable of resolving species composition shifts and physiological responses. Silicon transporter transcripts from a distinct phylogenetic clade were most abundant in the iron-limited community, and transcripts from a separate clade were more abundant in the community that bloomed after iron enrichment. Transcripts of the gene present in the ironlimited community were also more abundant in iron-limited laboratory cultures of Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries, suggesting that this gene plays a role in silicon uptake during iron limitation. The responses of individual cells, as detected in this study, determine how the community influences silicon cycling in iron-limited environments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are among the most diverse groups of organisms in the ocean (Kooistra and Medlin 1996;Bowler et al 2008), a characteristic realized in the diverse shapes and sizes of their silica cell walls (frustules). These relatively heavy frustules help to efficiently transport diatom organic matter into the deep ocean and onto the sea floor (Buesseler 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Frustule‐related gene transcription and the influence of diatom community composition on silica precipitation in an iron‐limited environment

Durkin

Marchetti

Bender

et al. 2012

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…Values of average and standard deviation of relative ages of taxa and average and standard deviation of the degree of derivedness of taxa within each assemblage came from the same source. Relative age of a taxon was estimated using the terminal branch length representing the amount of sequence divergence between a taxon and its most recent putative ancestor [11,33,34]. Assemblages containing taxa with short average terminal branch lengths can be considered to be composed of species that are relatively younger than assemblages containing taxa with longer terminal branch lengths on average.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative effects of time for speciation and tropical niche conservatism on the latitudinal diversity gradient of phyllostomid bats

Stevens

2011

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Determinants of contemporary patterns of diversity, particularly those spanning extensive latitudinal gradients, are some of the most intensely debated issues in ecology. Recently, focus has shifted from a contemporary environmental perspective to a historical one in an attempt to better understand the construction of latitudinal gradients. Although the vast majority of research on historical mechanisms has focused on tropical niche conservatism (TNC), other historical scenarios could produce similar latitudinal gradients. Herein, I formalize predictions to distinguish between two such historical processesnamely time for speciation (TFS) and TNC-and test relative support based on diversity gradients of New World bats. TFS and TNC are distinctly spatial and environmental mechanisms, respectively. Nonetheless, because of the way that environmental characteristics vary spatially, these two mechanisms are hard to distinguish. Evidence provided herein suggests that TNC has had a more important effect than TFS in determining diversity gradients of New World bats. Indeed, relative effects of different historical mechanisms, as well as relative effects of historical and contemporary environmental determinants, are probably context-dependent. Future research should move away from attempting to identify the mechanism with primacy and instead attempt to understand the particular contexts in which different mechanisms have greater influence on diversity gradients.

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“…The oldest unequivocal fossil diatoms are found in the middle Cretaceous (1, 2), but molecular clock estimates indicate they may have originated as early as 165-240 million years ago (3,4). The fossil record indicates that diatom diversity and evolutionary tempo (5,6) has increased over most of the Cenozoic.…”

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confidence: 99%

Climatically driven macroevolutionary patterns in the size of marine diatoms over the Cenozoic

Finkel

Katz

Wright

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

182

145

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Numerous taxonomic groups exhibit an evolutionary trajectory in cell or body size. The size structure of marine phytoplankton communities strongly affects food web structure and organic carbon export into the ocean interior, yet macroevolutionary patterns in the size structure of phytoplankton communities have not been previously investigated. We constructed a database of the size of the silica frustule of the dominant fossilized marine planktonic diatom species over the Cenozoic. We found that the minimum and maximum sizes of the diatom frustule have expanded in concert with increasing species diversity. In contrast, the mean area of the diatom frustule is highly correlated with oceanic temperature gradients inferred from the ␦ 18 O of foraminiferal calcite, consistent with the hypothesis that climatically induced changes in oceanic mixing have altered nutrient availability in the euphotic zone and driven macroevolutionary shifts in the size of marine pelagic diatoms through the Cenozoic.biological pump ͉ carbon cycle ͉ cell size ͉ climate change ͉ phytoplankton

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Evolution of the Diatoms (Bacillariophyta)

Cited by 145 publications

References 34 publications

Frustule‐related gene transcription and the influence of diatom community composition on silica precipitation in an iron‐limited environment

Frustule‐related gene transcription and the influence of diatom community composition on silica precipitation in an iron‐limited environment

Relative effects of time for speciation and tropical niche conservatism on the latitudinal diversity gradient of phyllostomid bats

Climatically driven macroevolutionary patterns in the size of marine diatoms over the Cenozoic

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