Evolution of the magma feeding system during a Plinian eruption: The case of Pomici di Avellino eruption of Somma–Vesuvius, Italy

Massaro, Silvia; Costa, Antonio; Sulpizio, Roberto

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2017.11.030

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The first assumption greatly oversimplifies the physics. In the case of large overpressures, stress at the dyke tips will exceed the fracture toughness of the rocks and the dyke will expand horizontally (Massaro et al, 2018a), reaching some equilibrium configuration. When the deep chamber deflates, overpressure in the deeper dyke will decrease and, as the flow rate decreases, magma at the dyke tips can solidify, leading to a decrease in 2a 0d (Kavanagh and Sparks, 2011;Melnik and Costa, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclic activity of the Fuego de Colima volcano (Mexico): insights from satellite thermal data and nonlinear models

et al. 2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The Fuego de Colima volcano (Mexico) shows a complex eruptive behavior, with periods of rapid and slow lava dome growth punctuated by explosive activity. We reconstructed the weekly discharge rate average between 1998 and 2018 by means of satellite thermal data integrated with published discharge rate data. By using spectral and wavelet analysis, we found a multiyear long-term, multi-month intermediate-term, and multi-week short-term cyclic behavior during the period of the investigated eruptive activity like that of many other dome-forming volcanoes. We use numerical modeling in order to investigate the nonlinear cyclic eruptive behavior considering a magma feeding system composed of a dual or a single magma chamber connected to the surface through an elastic dyke developing into a cylinder conduit in the shallowest part. We investigated cases in which the periodicity is controlled by (i) the coupled deep–shallow magma reservoirs, (ii) the single shallow chamber, and (iii) the elastic shallow dyke when it is fed by a fixed influx rate or constant pressure. Due to the limitations of the current modeling approach, there is no single configuration that can reproduce all the periodicities on the three different timescales. The model outputs indicate that the observed multiyear periodicity (1.5–2.5 years) can be described by the fluctuations controlled by a shallow magma chamber with a volume of 20–50 km3 coupled with a deep reservoir of ca. 500 km3, connected through a deep elastic dyke. The multi-month periodicity (ca. 5–10 months) appears to be controlled by the shallow magma chamber for the same range of volumes. The short-term multi-week periodicity (ca. 2.5–5 weeks) can be reproduced considering a fixed influx rate or constant pressure at the base of the shallower dyke. This work provides new insights on the nonlinear cyclic behavior of Fuego de Colima and a general framework for comprehension of the eruptive behavior of andesitic volcanoes.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclic activity of the Fuego de Colima volcano (Mexico): insights from satellite thermal data and nonlinear models

et al. 2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The first assumption greatly oversimplifies the physics. In the case of large overpressures, stress at the dyke tips will exceed the fracture toughness of the rocks and the dyke will expand horizontally (Massaro et al, 2018b), reaching some equilibrium configuration. When the deep chamber deflates, overpressure in the deeper dyke will decrease and, as flow rate decreases, magma at the dyke tips can solidify, leading to a decrease in 2a 0d (Kavanagh and Sparks, 2011;Melnik and Costa, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclic activity of Fuego de Colima volcano (Mexico): insights from satellite thermal data and non-linear models

Massaro¹,

Costa²,

Sulpizio³

et al. 2019

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The Fuego de Colima volcano (Mexico) showed a complex eruptive behaviour with periods of rapid and slow lava dome growth, punctuated by explosive activity. We reconstructed the weekly discharge rate average between 1998 and 2018 by means of satellite thermal data integrated with published discharge rate data. By using spectral and wavelet analysis, we found a multi-year long-, multi-month intermediate-, and multi-week short-term cyclic behaviour during the period of the investigated eruptive activity, as those of many others dome-forming volcanoes. We use numerical modelling in order to investigate the non-linear cyclic eruptive behaviour considering a magma feeding system composed of a dual or a single magma chamber connected to the surface through an elastic dyke evolving into a cylinder conduit in the shallowest part. We investigated the cases in which the periodicity is controlled by i) the coupled deep-shallow magma reservoirs, ii) the single shallow chamber, and iii) the elastic shallow dyke when is fed by a fixed influx rate or a constant pressure. The model outputs indicate that the observed multi-year periodicity (1.5–2.5 years) can be described by the fluctuations controlled by a shallow magma chamber with a volume of 20–50 km3 coupled with a deep reservoir of 500 km3, connected through a deep elastic dyke. The multi-month periodicity (ca. 5–10 months) appears to be controlled by the shallow magma chamber for the same range of volumes. The short-term multi-week periodicity (ca. 2.5–5 weeks) can be reproduced considering a fixed influx rate or constant pressure at the base of the shallower dyke. This work provides new insights on the non-linear cyclic behaviour of Fuego de Colima, and a general framework for the comprehension of eruptive behaviour of andesitic volcanoes.

show abstract

“…Finally, we assumed that magma chamber overpressure is a linear function of the erupted mass, and varies between two arbitrary limits: +20 and −40 MPa. This wide range was selected by considering the caldera-forming character of the eruption, which would require a significant pressure drop in the magma reservoir (Marti et al, 2000) and is consistent with the pressure variation assumed by Massaro et al (2018) for a similar Plinian eruption of SVVC.…”

Section: Numerical Modeling 321 Steady-state Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since conduit widening is controlled by country rock mechanical properties and the pressure and velocity profiles along the conduit (Aravena et al, 2017;Macedonio et al, 1994;Varekamp, 1993), the volume and type of lithic fragments eroded from the conduit can be potentially employed for studying the internal dynamics of volcanic conduits and their geometric features whenever the subsurface stratigraphy is known. For example, the geometric evolution of the feeding system of the Pomici di Avellino eruption was recently studied by Massaro et al (2018). The main sources of uncertainty of these methods are associated with the necessity of fixing simplified models to describe conduit geometry and the nature of the procedure adopted to quantify the lithic content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main sources of uncertainty of these methods are associated with the necessity of fixing simplified models to describe conduit geometry and the nature of the procedure adopted to quantify the lithic content. In particular, Massaro et al (2018) assumed that a volcanic conduit evolves from a dyke connected to the surface to a hybrid dyke/cylinder feeding system. Their model does not consider crater excavation, and conduit erosion is preferentially concentrated in the deep domain of the conduit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Lithic Component of Pyroclastic Deposits as a Proxy for the Reconstruction of the Syneruptive Evolution of Volcanic Conduits: The CE 79 Eruption of Vesuvius

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dynamics of explosive eruptions is often strongly controlled by temporal changes in conduit geometry. Quantitative constraints to this problem are difficult to define, but basic information on the lithic fraction in pyroclastic deposits can be used as an input of numerical models to infer conduit and crater evolution in terms of shape and dimension. Field data on the 79 CE Pompeii eruption (Vesuvius, Italy) are used here to constrain depth-dependent variations in conduit geometry. The different lithology of the accidental components, resulting from the erosion of a conduit/crater system crosscutting a well-known subsurface stratigraphy, helps in defining the provenance depth of the eroded fragments. We reproduced the eruption evolution by considering three periods of the Plinian phase, associated with the white phonolitic pumice clasts (EU2a) and the tephro-phonolitic gray pumice clasts (EU3a and EU3b). Results constrain the evolution of key eruptive parameters and are consistent with the estimates of mass discharge rate (MDR) and volume of eroded lithic fragments, which require the involvement of conduit geometries with depth-dependent diameters rather than a constant-radius shape. The onset of the Plinian phase (EU2a) was characterized by intense crater excavation processes. The MDR increase during the transition from EU2 to EU3 coincided with a significant increase of conduit diameter at bottom. After the peak of MDR (EU3b), a significant deeping of the fragmentation level and an abrupt inlet pressure drop probably occurred. Exit pressure and velocity would have decreased during all the Plinian phase, consistent with a shift to a collapsing column dynamics.

show abstract

Evolution of the magma feeding system during a Plinian eruption: The case of Pomici di Avellino eruption of Somma–Vesuvius, Italy

Cited by 25 publications

References 44 publications

Cyclic activity of the Fuego de Colima volcano (Mexico): insights from satellite thermal data and nonlinear models

Cyclic activity of the Fuego de Colima volcano (Mexico): insights from satellite thermal data and nonlinear models

Cyclic activity of Fuego de Colima volcano (Mexico): insights from satellite thermal data and non-linear models

The Lithic Component of Pyroclastic Deposits as a Proxy for the Reconstruction of the Syneruptive Evolution of Volcanic Conduits: The CE 79 Eruption of Vesuvius

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About