Evolution of universe as a homogeneous system: Changes of scale factors with different dark energy Equation of States

Abstract

We analyze the universe as a thermodynamic system, homogeneously filled up by exotic matters popularly named as dark energies. Different dark energy models are chosen. We start with the equation of continuity and derive the time and scale factor relations for different EoSs of different dark energy models. To do the time-scale factor relation analysis, nature of dependences on different dark energy modeling parameters have been studied. For this, the help of different plots are used. In general, different dark energies show different properties while occurrences of future singularities are considered. Those properties can be supported by the graphical analysis of their cosmic time-scale factor studies.

Scale factor — Cosmic time relation and occurrences of future cosmic singularities with different redshift parametrizations of dark energy EoS-s

“…Two conventional families [18] of redshift parametrizations of EoS are, (i) Family I : ω(z) = ω 0 + ω 1 1 (1+z) n and (ii) Family II: ω(z) = ω 0 + ω 1 1 1+z n where, z is redshift, ω 0 and ω 1 are two undecided parameters, n is a natural number. Some particular n-cases for both the families I and II are very popularly studied in literature and are known as :…”