Evolution of wing shape in hornets: why is the wing venation efficient for species identification?

Perrard, A.; Baylac, Michel; Carpenter, James M.; Villemant, Claire

doi:10.1111/jeb.12523

Cited by 61 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…In contrast, wing shape showed to be a stable character compared to size [24, 25, 30] and very informative on the phylogenetic and evolutionary relationship of organisms [43–45]. Therefore, it was not surprising to see that our CVA results proved that wing shape could be used to separate medically and forensically relevant blow flies of Thailand, not only at the genus level but also at the species level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Wing morphometrics as a tool in species identification of forensically important blow flies of Thailand

Sontigun

Sukontason

Zajac³

et al. 2017

Parasites Vectors

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BackgroundCorrect species identification of blow flies is a crucial step for understanding their biology, which can be used not only for designing fly control programs, but also to determine the minimum time since death. Identification techniques are usually based on morphological and molecular characters. However, the use of classical morphology requires experienced entomologists for correct identification; while molecular techniques rely on a sound laboratory expertise and remain ambiguous for certain taxa. Landmark-based geometric morphometric analysis of insect wings has been extensively applied in species identification. However, few wing morphometric analyses of blow fly species have been published.MethodsWe applied a landmark-based geometric morphometric analysis of wings for species identification of 12 medically and forensically important blow fly species of Thailand. Nineteen landmarks of each right wing of 372 specimens were digitised. Variation in wing size and wing shape was analysed and evaluated for allometric effects. The latter confirmed the influence of size on the shape differences between species and sexes. Wing shape variation among genera and species were analysed using canonical variates analysis followed by a cross-validation test.ResultsWing size was not suitable for species discrimination, whereas wing shape can be a useful tool to separate taxa on both, genus and species level depending on the analysed taxa. It appeared to be highly reliable, especially for classifying Chrysomya species, but less robust for a species discrimination in the genera Lucilia and Hemipyrellia. Allometry did not affect species separation but had an impact on sexual shape dimorphism.ConclusionsA landmark-based geometric morphometric analysis of wings is a useful additional method for species discrimination. It is a simple, reliable and inexpensive method, but it can be time-consuming locating the landmarks for a large scale study and requires non-damaged wings for analysis.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2163-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Wing morphometrics as a tool in species identification of forensically important blow flies of Thailand

Sontigun

Sukontason

Zajac³

et al. 2017

Parasites Vectors

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“…Furthermore, forewing veins and their intersections are homologous among bees with three submarginal cells, like bumble bees (Ross 1936, Michener 2007). The method is rather robust at diagnosing and discriminating taxa at different levels ( e.g ., Pretorius 2005, Petit et al 2006, Sadeghi et al 2009, Francoy et al 2012, Perrard et al 2014), and has been employed successfully in palaeontological studies for evaluating the taxonomic affinities of otherwise difficult to determine fossils ( e.g ., Kennedy et al 2009, Michez et al 2009, Dehon et al 2014, 2017, Dewulf et al 2014, Perrard et al 2016). Moreover, several studies have demonstrated the application of forewing shape analyses for discriminating subgenera, species, and populations of bumble bees ( e.g ., Aytekin et al 2007, Wappler et al 2012, Barkan and Aytekin 2013).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Early Miocene bumble bee from northern Bohemia (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

Prokop

Dehon

Michez

et al. 2017

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A new species of fossil bumble bee (Apinae: Bombini) is described and figured from Early Miocene (Burdigalian) deposits of the Most Basin at the Bílina Mine, Czech Republic. Bombus trophonius sp. n., is placed within the subgenus Cullumanobombus Vogt and distinguished from the several species groups therein. The species is apparently most similar to the Nearctic B. (Cullumanobombus) rufocinctus Cresson, the earliest-diverging species within the clade and the two may be related only by symplesiomorphies. The age of the fossil is in rough accordance with divergence estimations for Cullumanobombus.

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“…Different traits have been investigated in their shape and size variability but insect wings have been selected in many studies, especially in systematics (e.g. [4]) and palaeontology (e.g. [5]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While many studies have focused on wing shape and size variability at the inter-specific level (e.g. species diagnose [4]), only a few studies have investigated the variability of these two related traits simultaneously at the intra-specific level in different sister species [22, 23]. This approach is crucial to detect potential convergence of variation that could highlight micro-evolutionary processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and predictors of wing shape and size variability in three sister species of solitary bees

et al. 2017

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Morphological traits can be highly variable over time in a particular geographical area. Different selective pressures shape those traits, which is crucial in evolutionary biology. Among these traits, insect wing morphometry has already been widely used to describe phenotypic variability at the inter-specific level. On the contrary, fewer studies have focused on intra-specific wing morphometric variability. Yet, such investigations are relevant to study potential convergences of variation that could highlight micro-evolutionary processes. The recent sampling and sequencing of three solitary bees of the genus Melitta across their entire species range provides an excellent opportunity to jointly analyse genetic and morphometric variability. In the present study, we first aim to analyse the spatial distribution of the wing shape and centroid size (used as a proxy for body size) variability. Secondly, we aim to test different potential predictors of this variability at both the intra- and inter-population levels, which includes genetic variability, but also geographic locations and distances, elevation, annual mean temperature and precipitation. The comparison of spatial distribution of intra-population morphometric diversity does not reveal any convergent pattern between species, thus undermining the assumption of a potential local and selective adaptation at the population level. Regarding intra-specific wing shape differentiation, our results reveal that some tested predictors, such as geographic and genetic distances, are associated with a significant correlation for some species. However, none of these predictors are systematically identified for the three species as an important factor that could explain the intra-specific morphometric variability. As a conclusion, for the three solitary bee species and at the scale of this study, our results clearly tend to discard the assumption of the existence of a common pattern of intra-specific signal/structure within the intra-specific wing shape and body size variability.

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Evolution of wing shape in hornets: why is the wing venation efficient for species identification?

Cited by 61 publications

References 60 publications

Wing morphometrics as a tool in species identification of forensically important blow flies of Thailand

Wing morphometrics as a tool in species identification of forensically important blow flies of Thailand

An Early Miocene bumble bee from northern Bohemia (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

Distribution and predictors of wing shape and size variability in three sister species of solitary bees

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