Evolutionary and ecophysiological significance of sugar utilization by the peat moss Sphagnum compactum (Sphagnaceae) and the common charophycean associates Cylindrocystis brebissonii and Mougeotia sp. (Zygnemataceae)

Graham, Linda E.; Kim, Eun-Soo; Arancibia-Ávila, Patricia; Graham, James M.; Wilcox, Lee W.

doi:10.3732/ajb.0900341

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Previous experiments with the same isolates of Sphagnum compactum, Marchantia polymorpha and Coleochaete that had been cultivated similarly revealed the occurrence of carbon limitation relieved by exogenous organic carbon. [37][38][39] In the present study, any such carbon limitation would have affected all experimental materials equally. To facilitate careful evaluation of results, investigations of the 5 selected taxa were conducted serially, with care taken to ensure that temperature and irradiance levels were the same during each experiment conducted with near-saturating levels of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Direction of illumination controls gametophyte orientation in seedless plants and related algae

Cardona-Correa

Ecker

Graham

2015

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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The environmental influences that determine dorsiventral or axial gametophyte orientation are unknown for most modern seedless plants. To fill this gap, an experimental laboratory system was employed to evaluate the relative effects of light direction and gravity on body orientation of the dorsiventral green alga Coleochaete orbicularis, and gametophytes of liverworts Blasia pusilla and Marchantia polymorpha, early-diverging moss Sphagnum compactum, and fern Ceratopteris richardii, the latter functioning as experimental control. Replicate clonal cultures were experimentally illuminated only from above, only from below, or from multiple directions, with the same near-saturation PAR level for periods brief enough to minimize nutrient limitation effects, and orientation of new growth was evaluated. For all species tested, direction of illumination exerted stronger control over gametophyte body orientation than gravity. When illuminated only from below: 1) axial Sphagnum gametophores that had initially grown into an overlying air space inverted growth by 180, burrowing into the substrate; 2) new growth of dorsiventral Blasia, Marchantia, and Ceratopteris gametophytes-whose ventral rhizoids initially penetrated agar substrate and dorsal surfaces initially faced overlying airspace-twisted 180 so that ventral surfaces bearing rhizoids faced overlying air space and rhizoids extended into the air; and 3) Coleochaete lost typical dorsiventral organization and diagnostic dorsal hairs. Direction of illumination also exerted stronger control over orientation of liverwort new growth than surface contact did. These results indicate that early land plants likely inherited light-directed gametophyte body orientation from ancestral streptophyte algae and suggest a mechanism for reorientation of gametophyte-dominant land plants after spatial disturbance.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Direction of illumination controls gametophyte orientation in seedless plants and related algae

Cardona-Correa

Ecker

Graham

2015

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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“…To avoid microbial contamination but also allow gas exchange to occur, experimental dishes containing S. compactum were sealed at their overlapping edges with a single layer strip of Parafilm M, which is permeable to carbon dioxide at 1200 cc m 22 d 21 and oxygen at 150 cc m 22 d 21 at 237C and 0% RH and water vapor at 1 g m 22 at 387C and 90% RH (SPI Supplies). Previous experiments have demonstrated that S. compactum cultures grown in dishes closed with a Parafilm strip and without organic C additions are limited by inorganic carbon supply (Graham et al 2010). Even so, carbon dioxide levels were likely the same in all experimental dishes, and experimental comparisons were made only between cultures grown in the same type of dishes.…”

Section: Culture Provenance and Growth Mediummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biomass was determined using a Sartorius analytical weight type 1872 (Brinkman Instruments, Westbury, NY) and then utilized for quantitative acetolysis (Graham et al 2004(Graham et al , 2010 to determine the relative amount of hydrolysis-resistant biomass. Plants from three replicate culture dishes per treatment were dried and weighed, and cellulose was extracted and quantified.…”

Section: Harvesting and Biomass Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Laboratory facilities offer advantages for such analyses because they allow the collection of replicate observations of many types of dependent variables for plants exposed to consistent, controlled environmental conditions, as in previous studies of peatmoss (Graham et al 2010), and yield data of the quality needed to explore interactions of potential controlling factors, e.g. (Graham and Graham 1987;Graham et al 1986).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…(Graham and Graham 1987;Graham et al 1986). Consequently, we used laboratory cultures of the experimentally tractable species Sphagnum compactum (Graham et al 2010) to explore the effects on more than 20 features of microscopic anatomy of a range of environmentally relevant temperatures and contrasting UV levels in a full-factorial research design. Rozema et al (1997) noted that older controlledenvironment studies employing UV lamps having inappropriate spectra and conducted under unrealistically low PAR∶UV ratios have generated questionable results.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Anatomical Effects of Temperature and UV-A + UV-B Treatments and Temperature-UV Interactions in the Peatmoss Sphagnum compactum

Cardona-Correa

Graham

2015

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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Premise of research. Sphagnum peatmosses strongly influence local and regional hydrology and biotic communities and based on high abundance at high latitudes also play a global environmental role in maintaining atmospheric chemistry and climate homeostasis. Previous field research suggests that elevated temperature linked to global climate change or elevated UV related to ozone depletion at high latitudes affects aspects of peatmoss productivity or external morphology hypothesized to influence environmental roles. However, changes in microscopic anatomy or potential temperature-UV interaction effects have not previously been investigated. Controlled environments offer advantages for assessing anatomical impacts of temperature and UV variation and detecting temperature-UV interactions.Methodology. Clonal cultures of experimentally tractable Sphagnum compactum were treated for a 2-mo period with environmentally relevant temperature levels (107, 207, and 307C) and two levels of UV-A 1 UV-B found in a pilot study to produce contrasting structural effects, in a factorial experimental design. Proportions of hydrolysis-resistant and cellulosic biomass and numerous features of microscopic anatomy having potential ecological significance were assessed and analyzed using two-way ANOVA.Pivotal results. Elevated temperature, the higher level of UV treatment, or temperature-UV interaction significantly influenced survival, biomass, cell wall biochemistry, or anatomical features of ecological significance. Plants grown at 107 or 207C and under the higher level of UV treatment displayed increased proportion of hydrolysis-resistant cell wall material. Elevated temperature was associated with reduction in stem width and reduced numbers of supportive fibrils in branch and stem leaf hyaline cells. Plants exposed to 307C and the higher level of UV treatment died during the treatment period.Conclusions. Elevated temperature, UV, and temperature-UV interactions affect peatmoss biomass, wall chemistry, and anatomy in ways that could influence environmental roles. Functionally important traits affected by temperature or UV are recommended for assessment in field studies.

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Polysaccharides from Lower Plants: Bryophytes

Kļaviņa

2014

Polysaccharides

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Evolutionary and ecophysiological significance of sugar utilization by the peat moss Sphagnum compactum (Sphagnaceae) and the common charophycean associates Cylindrocystis brebissonii and Mougeotia sp. (Zygnemataceae)

Cited by 26 publications

References 46 publications

Direction of illumination controls gametophyte orientation in seedless plants and related algae

Direction of illumination controls gametophyte orientation in seedless plants and related algae

Anatomical Effects of Temperature and UV-A + UV-B Treatments and Temperature-UV Interactions in the Peatmoss Sphagnum compactum

Polysaccharides from Lower Plants: Bryophytes

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