Evolutionary and Regulatory Pattern Analysis of Soybean Ca2+ ATPases for Abiotic Stress Tolerance

Abstract

P2-type Ca2+ ATPases are responsible for cellular Ca2+ transport, which plays an important role in plant development and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the role of P2-type Ca2+ ATPases in stress response and stomatal regulation is still elusive in soybean. In this study, a total of 12 P2-type Ca2+ ATPases genes (GmACAs and GmECAs) were identified from the genome of Glycine max. We analyzed the evolutionary relationship, conserved motif, functional domain, gene structure and location, and promoter elements of the family. Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging analysis showed that vegetable soybean leaves are damaged to different extents under salt, drought, cold, and shade stresses. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis demonstrated that most of the GmACAs and GmECAs are up-regulated after drought, cold, and NaCl treatment, but are down-regulated after shading stress. Microscopic observation showed that different stresses caused significant stomatal closure. Spatial location and temporal expression analysis suggested that GmACA8, GmACA9, GmACA10, GmACA12, GmACA13, and GmACA11 might promote stomatal closure under drought, cold, and salt stress. GmECA1 might regulate stomatal closure in shading stress. GmACA1 and GmECA3 might have a negative function on cold stress. The results laid an important foundation for further study on the function of P2-type Ca2+ ATPase genes GmACAs and GmECAs for breeding abiotic stress-tolerant vegetable soybean.

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Two Wild Soybean (Glycine soja) Genotypes Reveals Positive Regulation of Saline–Alkaline Stress Tolerance by Tonoplast Transporters

“…79 Previous studies have shown that when plants were severely stressed, Ca 2+ pumps (ACA) located on the plasma membrane and tonoplast are preferentially mobilized in a unified manner, which can rapidly generate Ca 2+ oscillation to regulate plant response to external stresses. 80 Our study showed that the expression of calciumtransporting ATPase (GsACA11 and A0A0B2Q562) was obviously induced under saline−alkaline stress. The overexpression of GsACA11 in yeast cells and the composites of soybean proved that it could confer saline−alkaline stress tolerance (Figures 7 and 8).…”

“…To maintain the intracellular ion homeostasis and prevent cellular injury, the plants efficiently export Ca 2+ into organelles or outside the cell . Previous studies have shown that when plants were severely stressed, Ca 2+ pumps (ACA) located on the plasma membrane and tonoplast are preferentially mobilized in a unified manner, which can rapidly generate Ca 2+ oscillation to regulate plant response to external stresses . Our study showed that the expression of calcium-transporting ATPase (GsACA11 and A0A0B2Q562) was obviously induced under saline–alkaline stress.…”

A two-sequence motif-based method for the inventory of gene families in fragmented and poorly annotated genome sequences

“…We further tested the method in the Glycine max assembly, where P2 family ATPases have already been annotated [ 33 ]. The G. max genome assembly used here has a scaffold N50 of 48 Mb and a contig N50 of 419 kb.…”

A two-sequence motif-based method for the inventory of gene families in fragmented and poorly annotated genome sequences

“…An HMM has been used to identify soybean P2-type Ca 2+ ATPase genes in the G. max genome [32]. Using the automatic annotation according to these criteria, 12 P2-type ATPases were identi ed, which is a number far below the 23 P2A/B ATPases we identi ed in this genome using our method based on the expanded two motifs.…”