Evolutionary Aspects of the Endocrine and Nervous Systems

LeRoith, Derek; Delahunty, George; Wilson, Gaye Lynn; Roberts, Charles T.; Shemer, Joshua; Hart, Celeste; Shiloach, Joseph; Roth, Jesse

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-571142-5.50017-3

Cited by 30 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…These molecules have always been detected by employing antibodies raised against vertebrate insulins and different chromatographic techniques. Many of these have proved to be functional in biological insulin assays (12,13,29,30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other actions of insulin refer to its effects on protein synthesis and gene transcription (11). Besides pancreatic tissues in vertebrates, insulin has been detected in different tissues of members of several other phyla, suggesting that pathways in which it is involved have been evolutionarily conserved (12)(13)(14)(15). In plants, apart from the many reports on the lowering of blood sugar levels in diabetic animals by extracts of plant parts (4,16,17), no place for insulin as a member of signaling pathways has been suggested by researchers in the fields of glucose mobilization or transport (18)(19)(20)(21).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The leaves of green plants as well as a cyanobacterium, a red alga, and fungi contain insulin-like antigens

Silva

Santos

Azevedo

et al. 2002

Braz J Med Biol Res

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We report the detection of insulin-like antigens in a large range of species utilizing a modified ELISA plate assay and Western blotting. We tested the leaves or aerial parts of species of Rhodophyta (red alga), Bryophyta (mosses), Psilophyta (whisk ferns), Lycopodophyta (club mosses), Sphenopsida (horsetails), gymnosperms, and angiosperms, including monocots and dicots. We also studied species of fungi and a cyanobacterium, Spirulina maxima. The wide distribution of insulin-like antigens, which in some cases present the same electrophoretic mobility as bovine insulin, together with results recently published by us on the amino acid sequence of an insulin isolated from the seed coat of jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) and from the developing fruits of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), suggests that pathways depending on this hormone have been conserved through evolution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The leaves of green plants as well as a cyanobacterium, a red alga, and fungi contain insulin-like antigens

Silva

Santos

Azevedo

et al. 2002

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…On the other hand in some fish the islet cells are segregated as Brockmann bodies, and they are in contact with exocrine cells (62). Invertebrates do not have a pancreas; however, functionally comparable endocrine cells may be found in the gut and in the brain (63).…”

Section: Role Of Pdx-1 In the Developing Pancreasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pancreas duodenum homeobox-1 regulates pancreas development during embryogenesis and islet cell function in adulthood

Hui

Perfetti²

2002

European Journal of Endocrinology

121

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Pancreas duodenum homeobox-1 (PDX-1) (also known as insulin promoter factor-1, islet/duodenum homeobox-1, somatostatin transactivating factor-1, insulin upstream factor-1 and glucose-sensitive factor) is a transcription factor encoded by a Hox-like homeodomain gene. In humans and other animal species, the embryonic development of the pancreas requires PDX-1, as demonstrated by the identification of an individual with pancreatic agenesis resulting from a mutation that impaired the transcription of a functionally active PDX-1 protein. In adult subjects, PDX-1 is essential for normal pancreatic islet function as suggested by its regulatory action on the expression of a number of pancreatic genes, including insulin, somatostatin, islet amyloid polypeptide, the glucose transporter type 2 and glucokinase. Furthermore, heterozygous mutations of PDX-1 have been linked to a type of autosomal dominant form of diabetes mellitus known as maturity onset diabetes of the young type 4. The dual action of PDX-1, as a differentiation factor during embryogenesis and as a regulator of islet cell physiology in mature islet cells, underscores the unique role of PDX-1 in health and disease of the human endocrine pancreas.

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“…Insulin also has effects on protein synthesis and gene transcription (16). In addition, insulin has been detected in tissues of members of several other phyla, suggesting that these pathways have been evolutionarily conserved (17)(18)(19). In plants, apart from many reports on the lowering of blood sugar levels in diabetic animals by extracts of plant parts (20,21), no place for insulin as a member of signaling pathways has been suggested by workers interested in the study of glucose mobilization or transport (22)(23)(24).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A protein with amino acid sequence homology to bovine insulin is present in the legume Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)

Venâncio

Oliveira

Silva

et al. 2003

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Since the discovery of bovine insulin in plants, much effort has been devoted to the characterization of these proteins and elucidation of their functions. We report here the isolation of a protein with similar molecular mass and same amino acid sequence to bovine insulin from developing fruits of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotype Epace 10. Insulin was measured by ELISA using an anti-human insulin antibody and was detected both in empty pods and seed coats but not in the embryo. The highest concentrations (about 0.5 ng/µg of protein) of the protein were detected in seed coats at 16 and 18 days after pollination, and the values were 1.6 to 4.0 times higher than those found for isolated pods tested on any day. N-terminal amino acid sequencing of insulin was performed on the protein purified by C 4 -HPLC. The significance of the presence of insulin in these plant tissues is not fully understood but we speculate that it may be involved in the transport of carbohydrate to the fruit.

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Evolutionary Aspects of the Endocrine and Nervous Systems

Cited by 30 publications

References 54 publications

The leaves of green plants as well as a cyanobacterium, a red alga, and fungi contain insulin-like antigens

The leaves of green plants as well as a cyanobacterium, a red alga, and fungi contain insulin-like antigens

Pancreas duodenum homeobox-1 regulates pancreas development during embryogenesis and islet cell function in adulthood

A protein with amino acid sequence homology to bovine insulin is present in the legume Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)

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