“…BAS is a single particle searching algorithm, where the particle optimizes an objective function by searching the search space iteratively. The utility of BAS has expanded to several real-world problems [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ], including the portfolio optimization. Ref.…”