Evolutionary crossroads in developmental biology: sea urchins

McClay, David R.

doi:10.1242/dev.048967

Cited by 168 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…In particular, we focus on LR asymmetry in sea urchins, which has been studied in great depth. Although apparently radially symmetrical, echinoderms belong to the bilateria and develop via a larval stage that is bilaterally symmetrical; radial symmetry of the adult only develops during metamorphosis (McClay, 2011). Sea urchin larvae show asymmetrical expression of Nodal cascade genes, interestingly in the primitive gut (the archenteron; see Glossary, Box 2), although in only a single patch of staining (for a recent review see Molina et al, 2013).…”

Section: Insights From Echinodermsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution and conservation of left-right patterning mechanisms

et al. 2014

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Morphological asymmetry is a common feature of animal body plans, from shell coiling in snails to organ placement in humans. The signaling protein Nodal is key for determining this laterality. Many vertebrates, including humans, use cilia for breaking symmetry during embryonic development: rotating cilia produce a leftward flow of extracellular fluids that induces the asymmetric expression of Nodal. By contrast, Nodal asymmetry can be induced flow-independently in invertebrates. Here, we ask when and why flow evolved. We propose that flow was present at the base of the deuterostomes and that it is required to maintain organ asymmetry in otherwise perfectly bilaterally symmetrical vertebrates.

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Section: Insights From Echinodermsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution and conservation of left-right patterning mechanisms

et al. 2014

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“…evolution | evo-devo | euechinoid | cidaroid | gene regulatory networks T he investigation of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) in modern taxa allows for the understanding of evolutionary changes in the regulatory genome that have underpinned the evolution of new morphological structures in deep time (1)(2)(3)(4). Establishing a timeline for the rates at which these novel structures arise, and the rate at which the developmental GRNs that encode them evolve, lies at the heart of evolutionary developmental biology (5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleogenomics of echinoids reveals an ancient origin for the double-negative specification of micromeres in sea urchins

Thompson

Erkenbrack

Hinman

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Establishing a timeline for the evolution of novelties is a common, unifying goal at the intersection of evolutionary and developmental biology. Analyses of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) provide the ability to understand the underlying genetic and developmental mechanisms responsible for the origin of morphological structures both in the development of an individual and across entire evolutionary lineages. Accurately dating GRN novelties, thereby establishing a timeline for GRN evolution, is necessary to answer questions about the rate at which GRNs and their subcircuits evolve, and to tie their evolution to paleoenvironmental and paleoecological changes. Paleogenomics unites the fossil record and all aspects of deep time, with modern genomics and developmental biology to understand the evolution of genomes in evolutionary time. Recent work on the regulatory genomic basis of development in cidaroid echinoids, sand dollars, heart urchins, and other nonmodel echinoderms provides an ideal dataset with which to explore GRN evolution in a comparative framework. Using divergence time estimation and ancestral state reconstructions, we have determined the age of the double-negative gate (DNG), the subcircuit which specifies micromeres and skeletogenic cells in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. We have determined that the DNG has likely been used for euechinoid echinoid micromere specification since at least the Late Triassic. The innovation of the DNG thus predates the burst of post-Paleozoic echinoid morphological diversification that began in the Early Jurassic. Paleogenomics has wide applicability for the integration of deep time and molecular developmental data, and has wide utility in rigorously establishing timelines for GRN evolution.evolution | evo-devo | euechinoid | cidaroid | gene regulatory networks

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“…The micromeres obtained after the fourth cell division are the major signalling centre of the embryo [2,36]. The mechanism behind this induction is poorly understood, but the micromeres do acquire nuclear β-catenin shortly after their formation, and evidence suggests Notch-Delta and Wnt8 signalling as candidates for this inductive process [37]. Perturbation of the transcription factors and signals provided the means for assembling models of the gene regulatory networks used for specification and the control of the subsequent morphogenetic events.…”

Section: Developmental and Molecular Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Introductory Chapter: Sea Urchin - Knowledge and Perspectives

Agnello¹

2017

Sea Urchin - From Environment to Aquaculture and Biomedicine

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Evolutionary crossroads in developmental biology: sea urchins

Cited by 168 publications

References 79 publications

The evolution and conservation of left-right patterning mechanisms

The evolution and conservation of left-right patterning mechanisms

Paleogenomics of echinoids reveals an ancient origin for the double-negative specification of micromeres in sea urchins

Introductory Chapter: Sea Urchin - Knowledge and Perspectives

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