Evolutionary diversification of galactinol synthases in Rosaceae: adaptive roles of galactinol and raffinose during apple bud dormancy

Falavigna, Vítor da Silveira; Porto, Diogo Denardi; Miotto, Yohanna Evelyn; Santos, Henrique Pessoa dos; Oliveira, P. R. D. de; Margis‐Pinheiro, Márcia; Pasquali, Giancarlo; Revers, L. F.

doi:10.1093/jxb/erx451

Cited by 39 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(144 reference statements)

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“…Galactinol synthase (GOLS) and raffinose synthase (RAFS) are two committed enzymes for raffinose biosynthesis (Peterbauer et al, 2002). Expression of the GOLS gene is induced by a plethora of abiotic stresses in plants (Zhou et al, 2012;Elsayed et al, 2013) and overexpression of GOLS genes isolated from different plant species increased raffinose content and enhanced abiotic stress tolerance (Taji et al, 2002;Kim et al, 2008;Sun et al, 2013;Himuro et al, 2014;Unda et al, 2017;Falavigna et al, 2018;Salvi et al, 2018). We have identified a heat shock element (HSE) motif residing in the promoter of maize (Zea mays) ZmGOLS2 and demonstrated that overexpression of ZmGOLS2 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) enhanced heat shock tolerance (Gu et al, 2013(Gu et al, , 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maize HSFA2 and HSBP2 antagonistically modulate raffinose biosynthesis and heat tolerance in Arabidopsis

Jiang

Zhang

et al. 2019

The Plant Journal

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Summary Raffinose is thought to play an important role in plant tolerance of abiotic stress. We report here that maize HEAT SHOCK FACTOR A2 (ZmHSFA2) and HEAT SHOCK BINDING PROTEIN 2 (ZmHSBP2) physically interact with each other and antagonistically modulate expression of GALACTINOL SYNTHASE2 (ZmGOLS2) and raffinose biosynthesis in transformed maize protoplasts and Arabidopsis plants. Overexpression of ZmHSFA2 in Arabidopsis increased the expression of Arabidopsis AtGOLS1, AtGOLS2 and AtRS5 (RAFFINOSE SYNTHASE), increased the raffinose content in leaves and enhanced plant heat stress tolerance. Contrary to ZmHSFA2, overexpression of ZmHSBP2 in Arabidopsis decreased expression of AtGOLS1, AtGOLS2 and AtRS5, decreased the raffinose content in leaves and reduced plant heat stress tolerance. ZmHSFA2 and ZmHSBP2 also interact with their Arabidopsis counterparts AtHSBP and AtHSFA2 as determined using bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. Furthermore, endogenous ZmHSBP2 and Rluc, controlled by the ZmHSBP2 promoter, are transcriptionally activated by ZmHSFA2 and inhibited by ZmHSBP2 in maize protoplasts. These findings provide insights into the transcriptional regulation of raffinose biosynthetic genes, and the tolerance their product confers to plant heat stress.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maize HSFA2 and HSBP2 antagonistically modulate raffinose biosynthesis and heat tolerance in Arabidopsis

Jiang

Zhang

et al. 2019

The Plant Journal

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“…Finding a cluster of GolS genes in the second major QTL region is of particular interest. GolSs are involved in the biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides and occur as small gene families in plant genomes (Falavigna et al ., ). Strong differential expression of GolS genes has been reported during budburst in Rosaceae (Falavigna et al ., ) and in oaks (Derory et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…GolSs are involved in the biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides and occur as small gene families in plant genomes (Falavigna et al ., ). Strong differential expression of GolS genes has been reported during budburst in Rosaceae (Falavigna et al ., ) and in oaks (Derory et al ., ). GolS genes show a high nucleotide diversity in oak (Derory et al ., ) and have been suggested to play an important role in local adaptation (Rellstab et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The genetics of exapted resistance to two exotic pathogens in pedunculate oak

et al. 2019

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Exotic pathogens cause severe damage in natural populations in the absence of coevolutionary dynamics with their hosts. However, some resistance to such pathogens may occur in naive populations. The objective of this study was to investigate the genetics of this so-called 'exapted' resistance to two pathogens of Asian origin (Erysiphe alphitoides and Phytophthora cinnamomi) in European oak.Host-pathogen compatibility was assessed by recording infection success and pathogen growth in a full-sib family of Quercus robur under controlled and natural conditions. Two high-resolution genetic maps anchored on the reference genome were used to study the genetic architecture of resistance and to identify positional candidate genes.Two genomic regions, each containing six strong and stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) accounting for 12-19% of the phenotypic variation, were mainly associated with E. alphitoides infection. Candidate genes, especially genes encoding receptor-like-kinases and galactinol synthases, were identified in these regions. The three QTLs associated with P. cinnamomi infection did not colocate with QTLs found for E. alphitoides.These findings provide evidence that exapted resistance to E. alphitoides and P. cinnamomi is present in Q. robur and suggest that the underlying molecular mechanisms involve genes encoding proteins with extracellular signaling functions.

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“…In our study, raffinose was also increased in LR (3.6-fold), as was another raffinose family oligosaccharide, galactinol (11.7-fold). A heightened synthesis of galactinol has been reported in plants in response to a range of abiotic stressors, so it is believed to function as an osmoprotectant in drought-stress tolerance of plants [42][43][44] . Intriguingly, another carbohydrate highly enriched (8.09-fold) in LR, trehalose, is a disaccharide of glucose that functions as an osmoprotectant under abiotic stress in bacteria, fungi, and invertebrates, but it generally does not accumulate in detectable levels in most plants, with the exception of desiccation-tolerant "resurrection plants" 45,46 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of Lycium ruthenicum and Lycium barbarum fruits during ripening

Zhao

Yin

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Red wolfberry (or goji berry, Lycium barbarum; LB) is an important agricultural product with a high content of pharmacologically important secondary metabolites such as phenylpropanoids. A close relative, black wolfberry (L. ruthenicum; LR), endemic to the salinized deserts of northwestern china, is used only locally. The two fruits exhibit many morphological and phytochemical differences, but genetic mechanisms underlying them remain poorly explored. in order to identify the genes of interest for further studies, we studied transcriptomic (Illumina HiSeq) and metabolomic (LC-MS) profiles of the two fruits during five developmental stages (young to ripe). As expected, we identified much higher numbers of significantly differentially regulated genes (DEGs) than metabolites. The highest numbers were identified in pairwise comparisons including the first stage for both species, but total numbers were consistently somewhat lower for the LR. The number of differentially regulated metabolites in pairwise comparisons of developmental stages varied from 66 (stages 3 vs 4) to 133 (stages 2 vs 5) in both species. We identified a number of genes (e.g. AAT1, metE, pip) and metabolites (e.g. rutin, raffinose, galactinol, trehalose, citrulline and DL-arginine) that may be of interest to future functional studies of stress adaptation in plants. As LB is also highly suitable for combating soil desertification and alleviating soil salinity/alkalinity/pollution, its potential for human use may be much wider than its current, highly localized, relevance.Despite their close phylogenetic relationship, the fruits of these two species exhibit distinct phenotypic profiles of during all developmental stages, including their shape, size, colour, taste, nutritional value and pharmacological properties 3,4,11 . As opposed to the red and elongated mature red wolfberry, black wolfberry is dark-purple or black, round, and smaller. It is also known that metabolic phenotypes of these two fruits differ significantly, particularly in the content of fatty acids, phenols and antioxidant capacities, which are much higher in black wolfberry, while the content of carotenoids, sugars, amino acids and osmolytes is higher in the red wolfberry 3,4 .Fruit ripening is a complex developmental process, coordinated by a network of interacting genes and signalling pathways 12 , so genetic mechanisms underpinning these phenotypic differences remain only partially understood. The objective of this study was to contribute to our understanding of the complexity of ripening processes of these two fruits in different environments. To achieve this, we collected L. barbarum and L. ruthenicum fruits at five developmental stages, from young to ripe fruit, and sequenced their transcriptomes and metabolomes. These data shall help us better understand genetic underpinnings of both within-and between-species phenotypic differences that fruits of these two species exhibit during their respective ripening processes. Materials and methodsSample collection. Fruits were collected ...

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Evolutionary diversification of galactinol synthases in Rosaceae: adaptive roles of galactinol and raffinose during apple bud dormancy

Abstract: Galactinol and raffinose act together to protect dormant buds against limited availability of winter water; the apple galactinol synthases MdGolS1 and MdGolS2 are responsible for their seasonal accumulation during dormancy.

Cited by 39 publications

References 82 publications

Maize HSFA2 and HSBP2 antagonistically modulate raffinose biosynthesis and heat tolerance in Arabidopsis

Maize HSFA2 and HSBP2 antagonistically modulate raffinose biosynthesis and heat tolerance in Arabidopsis

The genetics of exapted resistance to two exotic pathogens in pedunculate oak

Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of Lycium ruthenicum and Lycium barbarum fruits during ripening

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