Evolutionary dynamics of trust in the N-player trust game with individual reward and punishment

Evolution of trust in a hierarchical population with punishing investors

“…We denote the number of strategy j in the group by k j (j = P , M , T , or U ). According to the standard NTG protocol [2,20], an investor pays t v to the trustees, which means that the total fund is (k P + k M )t v . Each trustee then receives an equal division of this total fund as (k…”

“…Subsequently, Lim introduced a two-population model of the TG with asymmetrical features, and proved that stochastic evolutionary dynamics with asymmetrical factors can lead to the evolution of high trust level with high trustworthiness [19]. Recently, Fang et al showed that the consideration of reward and punishment can induce the stable coexistence state of investors and trustworthy trustees in the NTG, which indicates that the evolution of trust can be greatly promoted [20].…”

“…Therefore it is vital to find and identify those mechanisms which can enhance and maintain trust in a population of rational individuals. The common paradigm is the so-called trust game (TG) [13], which has been studied extensively in the last decade [14,15,16,17,18,19,20]. For example, Abbass et al proposed the N -player trust game (NTG) in an infinite well-mixed population, and stressed that even a small initial portion of untrustworthy individuals could be detrimental because the population evolves to a state with zero truster and many untrustworthy individuals [17].…”

Conditional investment strategy in evolutionary trust games with repeated group interactions

“…A representative N-player trust game (NTG) framework was developed by Abbass et al [1], and then introduced to a population of agents playing TG concurrently in a well-mixed environment. Along this line, many researchers have considered network structure [8,9,24], punishment strategy [16], asymmetric demographic parameters [26], and reputation [22], into the NTG model to explore the evolution of trust.…”

“…Although there were attempts for enhancing the level of trust from different aspects, we notice that these studies are usually carried out in the framework of one-shot interaction, to our knowledge [8,9,16,24,26]. Indeed, real interactions are repeated rather than the one-shot interaction assumed above [11,10,30,33,28].…”