Evolutionary Plant Breeding in Cereals—Into a New Era

Döring, Thomas; Knapp, Samuel; Kovács, G.; Murphy, Kevin M.; Wolfe, Martin S.

doi:10.3390/su3101944

Cited by 108 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The large G 9 E interaction under variable farming conditions will still have great impact on variety performance, which can be decreased by the decentralisation of breeding and/or by participatory plant breeding (Murphy et al 2005;Dawson et al 2011). Another possible solution could be the increasing of the buffering capacity through the increased genetic diversity of the wheat crop using varietymixtures or composite cross populations (Wolfe 1985;Finckh et al 2000;Döring et al 2011). Based on the significant M 9 G interactions, seven traits (INC, TAR, HD, PM, LR, GY and TW) were found to be efficient indicators for examining the differences between the performance of varieties grown under organic and low input conventional growing conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of bread wheat varieties with different breeding origin under organic and low input management

Mikó

Löschenberger²,

Hiltbrunner

et al. 2014

Euphytica

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In recent years needs have increased to investigate the necessity of breeding cereals for organic agriculture. The aims of this study were (1) to compare 37 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties with different breeding origin under low input conventional and certified organic farming conditions in Austria and Hungary for 3 years, (2) to identify traits highly sensitive to management systems that could be separated according to their suggested selecting environments and (3) to find evidence for the distinctness of organic wheat breeding. According to the results, seven out of the 15 traits assessed during this study showed significant management 9 genotype interaction meaning that these traits could be the basis of selection for different management systems.Heading date, sensitivity to leaf rust and powdery mildew had high repeatabilities. For economic reasons, it is therefore reasonable to select for these traits in conventional fields even if the selection target is organic agriculture. However, the present study suggests that selection for the other four traits (grain yield, test weight, leaf-inclination and vigorous growth during booting) should be done later in the target environment. The study compared groups of varieties developed by different breeding strategies (organic, conventional and combined strategies). The results of multivariate analyses showed that the organic breeding was distinct from the other two breeding strategies, but the combined and conventional breeding resulted in similar groupings. It is concluded that the selecting environment has measurable effects on the performance of bread wheat varieties under organic and low input growing conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of bread wheat varieties with different breeding origin under organic and low input management

Mikó

Löschenberger²,

Hiltbrunner

et al. 2014

Euphytica

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“…Similarly important is the development of a range of different predictive techniques, so as to be able to take advantage of a diversity of analytical approaches. Equally, the greater integration of plant diversity in production systems is expected to buffer against the unpredicted or unpredictable alterations that pathosystems will experience in a changing climate (Østergård et al 2009;Brummer et al 2011;Döring et al 2011;Jarvis et al 2011).…”

Section: Predictability Modelling and Extrapolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of climate change on plant diseases—opinions and trends

et al. 2012

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There has been a remarkable scientific output on the topic of how climate change is likely to affect plant diseases. This overview addresses the need for review of this burgeoning literature by summarizing opinions of previous reviews and trends in recent studies on the impacts of climate change on plant health. Sudden Oak Death is used as an introductory case study: Californian forests could become even more susceptible to this emerging plant disease, if spring precipitations will be accompanied by warmer temperatures, although climate shifts may also affect the current synchronicity between host cambium activity and pathogen colonization rate. A summary of observed and predicted climate changes, as well as of direct effects of climate change on pathosystems, is provided. Prediction and management of climate change effects on plant health are complicated by indirect effects and the interactions with global change drivers. Uncertainty in models of plant disease development under climate change calls for a diversity of management strategies, from more participatory approaches to interdisciplinary science. Involvement of stakeholders and scientists from outside plant pathology shows the importance of trade-offs, for example in the land-sharing vs. sparing debate. Further research is needed on climate change and plant health in mountain, boreal, Mediterranean and tropical regions, with multiple climate change factors and scenarios (including our responses to it, e.g. the assisted migration of plants), in relation to endophytes, viruses and mycorrhiza, using long-term and large-scale datasets and considering various plant disease control methods.Keywords Adaptive ecosystem management . Biotic interactions . Landscape pathology . Phytophthora ramorum . Plant disease epidemiology . Tree fungal pathogens Up to the 1990s, there was little information about climate change impacts on plant disease. For example, Eur J Plant Pathol

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“…Genetically uniform crops often cannot adequately fulfil this requirement (Finckh, 2008;Döring et al, 2011). Biotic stresses such as pest and disease pressure can often be better managed through the use of genetic diversity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary changes of weed competitive traits in winter wheat composite cross populations in organic and conventional farming systems

Bertholdsson

Weedon

Brumlop

et al. 2016

European Journal of Agronomy

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a b s t r a c tSeedling root and shoot growth in hydroponics and allelopathic activity using a bioassay have been studied in very diverse populations of winter wheat grown under either organic or conventional conditions for a number of generations and subjected only to natural selection. The study was conducted on seeds from generation 6 (F 6 ) and 11 (F 11 ) from three composite cross populations (CCPs) produced by the Organic Research Centre in the UK. Since the F 5 the populations were maintained under organic and conventional conditions in Germany. Two parallel populations were created from each CC, resulting in a total of six organic and six conventional CCPs. The sets of parallel populations showed similar evolutionary trends indicating that the observed changes are related to differences in management rather than chance. Seedling root length and seedling root and shoot weight in the F 11 of the organically-managed CCPs were significantly greater than in the organic F 6 CCPs. In the conventionally-managed CCPs no such differences were observed. Both organic and conventional CCPs produced for quality showed higher early root and shoot growth than those produced for yield pointing to genetic differences among population types and highlighting the importance of early vigour for NUE. There were no significant differences in the allelopathic activity of the populations and between generations. The Shannon-Weaver diversity indices were similar for the studied traits in organic and conventional CCPs and hence no major changes in diversity had occurred between F 6 to F 11 . As changes in plant height were small and weed pressure in the fields low it is concluded that the observed differences are more related to NUE, rather than intra-specific competition for light or the direct effect of increased weed pressure in the organic system.

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Evolutionary Plant Breeding in Cereals—Into a New Era

Cited by 108 publications

References 51 publications

Comparison of bread wheat varieties with different breeding origin under organic and low input management

Comparison of bread wheat varieties with different breeding origin under organic and low input management

Impacts of climate change on plant diseases—opinions and trends

Evolutionary changes of weed competitive traits in winter wheat composite cross populations in organic and conventional farming systems

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