Evolutionary targeting for inclusive development

Abstract

Many studies articulate a theoretical conceptual change-that is, a change from neo-classical economics and "Picking Winners" policy frameworks to a systemicevolutionary targeting framework. Within such an intellectual context, this paper attempts to expand the evolutionary targeting framework to facilitate the process of inclusive industrial development. We present a unitary industrial development trajectory which is used as a narrative to articulate the evolutionary paths of Taiwan and Malaysia in making their respective sectoral changes (from informal to formal, and then to high technology sectors) endogenous. Building on both cases, we elucidate how the organization of subsistence farming contributes to development, and hence paves the way for new industrial takeoff. In this regard, the targeting programs that focus on the Schumpeterian segment are improved upon to offer support for (re)organization of the informal sector. This study, therefore, proposes a new analytical grid theorizing the current observations in inclusive development studies. It thus explicitly acknowledges the importance of transforming the informal sector to achieve inclusive development.

Projecting the Arena of Inclusion: The Case of South Korea in Pursuing a Phased Inclusive Growth Process

“…The case of Korea emerged to be useful, as it both attained rapid industrialization and established welfare systems. Our case coincides with that of Taiwan (Wong, ; Wong, Hu, & Shiu, 2015b), as both states deliberately intervened in their respective markets and populated the arena of inclusion in the early phase of development. They witnessed intense measures to distribute income and reduce inequalities throughout the process of development.…”

A typology of agricultural production systems: Capability building trajectories of three Asian economies

“…The early establishment of learning routine and mobilisation of human resources enabled the rice farmers to acquire a rich set of technical and entrepreneurial skills (Wong, 2016). They also established farmers' unions, realising the advantages of having formal institutions to inform the state and industrialists of their collective views and needs.…”

“…The lands are held by the state while the estates are occupied by the settlers who earn wages for their part in raising and harvesting crops (Pletcher, 1991). Malaysia's Federal Land Development Authority (FELDA) management of rubber and oil palm resettlement schemes is a defining model for this type of intervention (Fold, 2000;Cramb and McCarthy, 2016;Wong, 2016).…”

“…The paper identifies at least three types of cluster, each with distinct characteristics and evolutionary pathways. The first type of cluster is inspired by cases that emerged from community‐based (or smallholders) farming (Iizuka and Gebreeyesus, ; Wong, ; Ng et al, ) (see top right corner of Fig. ).…”

Academic Entrepreneurship for Social Innovation in Taiwan: The Cases of the OurCityLove Platform and the Forest App

“…Social innovation is often associated with efforts to deliver socio-economic welfare or fulfil social needs. It seeks to foster ‘inclusion and wellbeing’ through an empowerment process, via either income distribution or skills transfer, to allow the recipients (the poor or those often excluded from the mainstream) to attain a reasonable amount of control over their economic environment and capacity to secure their basic well-being (Groot & Dankbaar, 2014; Have & Rubalcaba, 2016; Wong, 2016). The scope of social innovation can also be extended to incorporate those innovations that deliver solutions to energy and environmental issues (Groot & Dankbaar, 2014).…”