Evolutionary transformations of myoseptal tendons in gnathostomes

Gemballa, Sven; Ebmeyer, Leoni; Hagen, Katja; Hannich, Tobias; Hoja, Kathrin; Rolf, M.; Treiber, K.; Vogel, Felix; Weitbrecht, Gerd

doi:10.1098/rspb.2003.2345

Cited by 60 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Therefore, it is possible that intense muscular activity could damage the connective tissue within, and adjacent to, the horizontal septum, resulting in the observed inflammation and subsequent reparative fibrosis. The myosepta are also important in transmitting force (Gemballa et al 2003), so that damage to the myosepta or even the myomeres themselves could cause the muscle fibrosis that was observed in some more severely af fected fish. Currently, high-intensity exercise seems a plausible hypothesis for the development of the unilateral fibrosis seen in Chinook salmon with LKS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unilateral perivertebral fibrosis associated with lordosis, kyphosis and scoliosis (LKS) in farmed Chinook salmon in New Zealand

Munday¹,

Perrott²,

Symonds³

et al. 2016

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unilateral perivertebral fibrosis associated with lordosis, kyphosis and scoliosis (LKS) in farmed Chinook salmon in New Zealand

Munday¹,

Perrott²,

Symonds³

et al. 2016

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…The myomeres are separated by myosepta, i.e. connective tissue sheets with complex collagen-fibre networks, tendons and intermuscular bones (Gemballa et al, 2003a;Gemballa et al, 2003b;Gemballa et al, 2006;Gemballa and Röder, 2004;Gemballa and Vogel, 2002;Vogel and Gemballa, 2000). The incomplete insight into the functional significance of the myomere architecture is a long-standing problem in functional morphology (Brainerd and Azizi, 2005;Van Leeuwen, 1999;Wainwright, 1983).…”

Section: Architecture Of the Axial Muscles In Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

A functional analysis of myotomal muscle-fibre reorientation in developing zebrafishDanio rerio

Leeuwen

Meulen

Schipper

et al. 2008

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYThe fast muscle fibres in the anterior trunk of teleost fish are primarily responsible for large amplitude undulatory swimming motions. Previous theoretical studies suggested that the near-helical arrangement of these fibres results in a (fairly) uniform distribution of fibre strain and work output during swimming. However, the underlying simplifications of these studies precluded unequivocal support for this hypothesis. We studied the fast muscle-fibre reorientation and the concomitant myotomal strain variance in a body segment near the anus during larval and juvenile development in the zebrafish. From 2 to 4 days post fertilization (d.p.f.), the measured angles between the muscle fibres and the longitudinal axis of the zebrafish were small. Yet, onset of a near-helical muscle-fibre arrangement was recognized. Juveniles of 51·d.p.f. have larger mean fibre angles and already possess the near-helical pattern of adult teleosts. We present a model that computes the distribution of the strain along the muscle fibres from measured muscle-fibre orientations, body curvature and prescribed tissue deformations. We selected the most extreme body curvatures, which only occur during fast starts and turning manoeuvres. Using the model, we identified the (nonlinear) tissue deformations that yield the least variance in the muscle-fibre strain. We show that simple beam theory cannot reliably predict the strain distribution: it results in very small strains and negligible work output of the most medial fibres. In our model, we avoided these functional limitations by adding a shear deformation to the simple beam deformation. At 2·d.p.f., the predicted variance in the muscle-fibre strain for the shear deformation optimized for strain uniformity is fairly small, due to the small variation in the fibre distances to the medial plane that is caused by the relatively large spinal cord and notochord. The predicted minimal strain variance increases sharply from 2·d.p.f. to 3·d.p.f., remains relatively large at 4·d.p.f., but decreases again considerably at 15 and 39·d.p.f. The 51·d.p.f. stage exhibits the smallest variance in the fibre strains (for the identified optimal deformation), in spite of the widely varying muscle-fibre distances to the medial plane. The non-linear nature of the body deformations with the least strain variance implies an interesting optimization constraint: the juvenile muscle-fibre arrangement results in small predicted spatial strain variations at large-amplitude body curvatures, at the (modest) expense of a large coefficient of variation for small curvatures. We conclude that larval fish rapidly change their muscle-fibre orientations (probably in response to mechanical signals). Within the theoretically examined plausible range of deformations, the closest correspondence to a uniform strain field was found for the juvenile stage. Supplementary material available online at

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“…Many fibers are obliquely oriented in both projections, and ␣ and vary depending on the longitudinal, dorsoventral and mediolateral positions of the fibers (Gemballa and Vogel, 2002). In addition to the architectural complexity of white muscle fibers, the segments themselves form 3D nested cones, and the collagenous myosepta separating the segments exhibit complex and conserved collagen fiber architecture (Gemballa et al, 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle fiber angle, segment bulging and architectural gear ratio in segmented musculature

Brainerd

Azizi

2005

Journal of Experimental Biology

100

128

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SUMMARY The anatomical complexity of myomeres and myosepta has made it difficult to develop a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between muscle fiber architecture, connective tissue mechanics, and locomotor function of segmented axial musculature in fishes. The lateral hypaxial musculature (LHM) of salamanders is less anatomically complex and therefore a good system for exploring the basic mechanics of segmented musculature. Here, we derive a mathematical model of the LHM and test our model using sonomicrometry and electromyography during steady swimming in an aquatic salamander, Siren lacertina. The model predicts longitudinal segment strain well, with predicted and measured values differing by less than 5% strain over most of the range. Deviations between predicted and measured results are unbiased and probably result from the salamanders performing slight turns with associated body torsion in our unconstrained trackway swimming experiments. Model simulations of muscle fiber contraction and segment shortening indicate that longitudinal segment strain, for a given amount of muscle fiber strain,increases with increasing initial fiber angle. This increase in architectural gear ratio (AGR = longitudinal strain/fiber strain) is mediated by muscle fiber rotation; the higher the initial fiber angle, the more the fibers rotate during contraction and the higher the AGR. Muscle fiber rotation is additionally impacted by bulging in the dorsoventral (DV) and/or mediolateral(ML) dimensions during longitudinal segment shortening. In segments with obliquely oriented muscle fibers, DV bulging increases muscle fiber rotation,thereby increasing the AGR. Extending the model to include force and work indicates that force decreases with increasing initial muscle fiber angle and increasing DV bulging and that both longitudinal shortening and DV bulging must be included for accurate calculation of segment work.

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Evolutionary transformations of myoseptal tendons in gnathostomes

Cited by 60 publications

References 28 publications

Unilateral perivertebral fibrosis associated with lordosis, kyphosis and scoliosis (LKS) in farmed Chinook salmon in New Zealand

Unilateral perivertebral fibrosis associated with lordosis, kyphosis and scoliosis (LKS) in farmed Chinook salmon in New Zealand

A functional analysis of myotomal muscle-fibre reorientation in developing zebrafishDanio rerio

Muscle fiber angle, segment bulging and architectural gear ratio in segmented musculature

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