Evolvable building blocks for analog fuzzy logic controllers

Abstract

This work discusses the use of an Evolvable Hardware (EHW) platform in the synthesis of analog electronic circuits for Fuzzy Logic Controllers. A Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) is defined by a collection of fuzzy if-then rules and a set of membership functions characterizing the linguistic terms associated with the inputs and outputof the FLC. The EHW analog platform, named PAMA-NG (Programmable Analog Multiplexer Array -Next Generation), is a reconfigurable platform that consists of integrated circuits whose internal connections can be programmed by Evolutionary Computation techniques, such as Genetic Algorithms, to synthesize circuits. The PAMA-NG is classified as a Field Programmable Analog Array (FPAA). FPAAs have appeared recently and constitute the state of the art in the technology of reconfigurable platforms. These devices will become the building blocks of a forthcoming class of hardware, with the important features of self-adaptation and selfrepairing, through automatic reconfiguration. This article focuses on the development of building blocks for analog FLCs on the PAMA-NG and presents case studies.

Intrinsic Evolution of Analog Circuits on a Programmable Analog Multiplexer Array

“…The main difficulty to overcome is the access to different measures such as power dissipation and frequency responses. The synthesis of higher level circuits is also planned, particularly those related to analog fuzzy logic controllers [8]. The flexible PAMA-NG platform shall then be used to intrinsically evolve circuits based on coarse-grained building blocks.…”

A Self-Tuning Analog Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) Controller

“…The velocity of all particles is initially zero and is updated according to the best local position (best fitness) the particle has come across in its lifetime (all generations so far) and the best position any particle in the whole swarm has ever come across. Particle Representation and Initialization: The gains, K, G, G 1 , G 2 , G 3 and G 4 are transformed to a new space by a log mapping given in Equation 6.…”

“…The FPTA platform is not reliable due to performance drifts with time [19]. Other approaches include evolution of fuzzy logic controller topologies on an FPAA [6] and tuning of an artificial neural network on an FPAA to control robotic motion [4]. The controller in [4] is not self-tuning: a human evaluates the objective and must intervene when the mobile robot falls down during its tuning.…”

The Application of Immune Genetic Algorithm in PID Parameter Optimization for Level Control System

“…The interest in the use of Evolutionary Computation techniques, such as Evolvable Hardware [1][2] [3] , Genetic Algorithms [4] and Genetic Programming [5] , in the design of intelligent and flexible controllers has shown a considerable increase lately. In the last decades, PID controllers have been successfully applied to many different problems in the control field and have achieved valuable results [6] .…”