Evolving role of biomarkers in acute cerebrovascular disease

Kernagis, Dawn; Laskowitz, Daniel T.

doi:10.1002/ana.22553

Cited by 62 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 124 publications

(288 reference statements)

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“…In addition, the molecular markers related to neuronal death can provide the information about the presence of tissue at risk of infarction [16,17].…”

Section: Detecting Of Possible Stroke Etiology and Mechanisms Of Ischmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in biomarker for stroke patients: from marker to regulator

Bang

2017

Precis Future Med

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Biomarkers refer to indicators found in the blood, other body fluids or tissues that pre dict physiologic or disease states, increased disease risk, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention. Stroke is a heterogeneous condition, and stroke biomark ers could be used as a guiding tool for more effective personalized therapy. In this review, the recent advances in the biomarkers in stroke field are discussed. First, various types of biomarkers including genetic, extracellular vesicle, and metabolomicsassociated biomarkers as well as protein biomarkers were recently introduced. The studies reviewed herein suggest that comprehensive analysis of different types of stroke biomarkers will improve the understanding of individual pathophysiologies and further promote the development of screening tool of highrisk patients, predicting model of stroke outcome and rational stroke therapy tailored to the characteristics of each case. Second, several biomarkers can be bio'makers' that regulate compensatory or pathological process in the development of stroke etiology and recovery after stroke. Several protein (e.g., chemokines, caveoli), genetic (e.g., microRNA), and extracellular vesicles (e.g., cancer cell, stem cellsderived) may be directly involved in these processes. These biomakers may be molecular target of treatment and can be used for new drug development.

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“…In addition, the molecular markers related to neuronal death can provide the information about the presence of tissue at risk of infarction [16,17].…”

Section: Detecting Of Possible Stroke Etiology and Mechanisms Of Ischmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…glutamate, GABA [16,17] Etiologic diagnosis of ischemic stroke, e.g., atherosclerotic (inflammatory markers) vs. [53]. However, genomewide association studies failed to reproduce the positive results obtained from previous stud ies [54] or the clinical usefulness was very low [55].…”

Section: Genetic Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in biomarker for stroke patients: from marker to regulator

Bang

2017

Precis Future Med

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“…It must also contribute to the individualization of therapy through risk stratification of reperfusion hemorrhage, allow for the relative volume of the penumbra to be estimated, and should be able to provide additional prognostic information [24] . An overview of previously examined biomarkers of cerebral infarction during the ischemic cascade is shown in Figure 3 .…”

Section: Cerebral Infarction (Stroke) Ischemic Cerebral Infarctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers for neurological disorders – call for standardization

Torzewski

2014

LaboratoriumsMedizin

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With increasing life expectancy, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer ' s disease (AD) and Parkinson ' s disease (PD), as well as neurovascular diseases such as cerebral ischemia, are becoming a rapidly growing worldwide problem causing an increased burden on society. The development of biomarkers is aimed to enable the identification of at-risk individuals, enable early diagnosis, and reflect the progression of disease. Future challenges refer to the need for standardization of known biomarkers on the one hand and the identification of new biomarkers on the other hand. The former is impressively exemplified by a recent study addressing the impact of various types of cerebrospinal fluid collection tubes for detection of total tau, phosphorylated tau, and β -amyloid 1 -42 on the diagnosis of AD. This issue was identified as a key issue by the Alzheimer ' s Biomarkers Standardization Initiative (ABSI) and recommendations were listed which should be used to enable better standardization between laboratories and enable results for the AD biomarkers to be comparable between different sites. The latter challenge in particular concerns PD and is addressed by the Parkinson Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI), a comprehensive observational, international, multi-center study designed to identify PD progression biomarkers both to improve understanding of disease etiology and course and to provide crucial tools to enhance the likelihood of success of PD modifying therapeutic trials. With regard to cerebral ischemia, at present there are no clinically validated biomarkers. Nevertheless, the development of a clinically validated biomarker of acute cerebral ischemia would have the potential to facilitate the use of time-sensitive reperfusion strategies, allow for individualization of patient care by predicting relative risk of hemorrhage and volume of penumbral tissue, and add valuable prognostic information for patients presenting with acute stroke. Thereby, it is expected that a panel of biomarkers rather than one single marker will meet these criteria in the future. Unlike cerebral ischemia, cerebral hemorrhage biomarkers will probably be limited to the assessment of prognosis in the course of the disease.

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“…2B, C). miRNA in cerebral ischemia-Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury induces several genes [63], which activate molecular cascades leading to both necrotic cell death in the anoxic core, and delayed apoptosis-mediated cell death in the surrounding penumbra [64,65]. While the fate of brain cells in the anoxic core is likely fixed relatively soon after the initial insult, cells in the peri-ischemic penumbra represent targets for rescue from delayed cell death.…”

Section: B Cerebral Ischemia and Mirnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

microRNAs: Innovative Targets for Cerebral Ischemia and Stroke

Yu¹,

Stary²,

Yang³

et al. 2012

CDT

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Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Because stroke is a multifactorial disease with a short therapeutic window many clinical stroke trials have failed and the only currently approved therapy is thrombolysis. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are endogenously expressed noncoding short single-stranded RNAs that play a role in the regulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, via degradation or translational inhibition of their target mRNAs. The study of miRNAs is rapidly growing and recent studies have revealed a significant role of miRNAs in ischemic disease. miRNAs are especially important candidates for stroke therapeutics because of their ability to simultaneously regulate many target genes and since to date targeting single genes for therapeutic intervention has not yet succeeded in the clinic. Although there are already quite a few review articles about miRNA in ischemic heart disease, much less is currently known about miRNAs in cerebral ischemia. This review summarizes current knowledge about miRNAs and cerebral ischemia, focusing on the role of miRNAs in ischemia, both changes in expression and identification of potential targets, as well as the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cerebral ischemia.

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Evolving role of biomarkers in acute cerebrovascular disease

Cited by 62 publications

References 124 publications

Advances in biomarker for stroke patients: from marker to regulator

Advances in biomarker for stroke patients: from marker to regulator

Biomarkers for neurological disorders – call for standardization

microRNAs: Innovative Targets for Cerebral Ischemia and Stroke

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