Evolving ways that drug therapy is individualized

Personalised dosing: Printing a dose of one’s own medicine

“…The Medicines and Healthcare Regulatory Authority (MHRA) recognises the importance of correct dose delivery by defining personalised medicine as the individualisation of drug therapy in both choice and dose (MHRA, 2006;Reidenberg, 2003). Crommelin et al (2011) define personalised medicines and note that such therapies are distinct from mass-oriented delivery systems.…”

Enhancing Race-Based Prescribing Precision with Pharmacogenomics

“…Although surgical procedures and psychotherapy have become perhaps the most personalized medical interventions, individualization of drug treatment regimens, including agents and dosing schedules, has been a central principle since the introduction of modern pharmacotherapy. Marcus Reidenberg catalogued this effort in his William B Abrams Award address in 2003, describing three approaches to the individualization of drug therapy: the clinical or individual‐patient approach, the commercial approach used in drug development, and the regulatory public health approach 7 . Definitions of race differ across all three domains, but its utility as a predictor of safety and efficacy is evident 7 .…”

Pharmacogenomics Steps Toward Personalized Medicine

“…However, the T315I mutation in the BCR-ABL gene was shown to determine clinical resistance to this drug [87], whereas some gain-offunction mutations in the C-KIT gene can be used to predict the responsiveness of GIST to imatinib [92,93]. Accordingly, subclassifying diseases with similar or identical phenotypes by molecular genetic techniques is essential to not only individualized drug therapy, but also individualized drug research and development [94], since important clues that will be used to develop drugs specific for a certain subgroup of patients can be found relatively easily from a subgroup of highly homogenous individuals with similar or identical disease susceptibility.…”