EWOD system designed for optical switching

Gunther, Sarah; Endrödy, Csaba; Si, Shuhao; Weinberger, Stefan; Claes, R.; Justo, Yolanda; D'heer, Herbert; Neft, A.; Hoffmann, Martin

doi:10.1109/memsys.2017.7863665

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The liquids used to characterize the LCC are the normal formulations of HPC and DPS. When deuterated formulations of HPC and DPS would be used a reduction in the insertion loss can be expected [11]. The deuterated versions have a reduced optical absorption but a similar refractive index.…”

Section: Characterization and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While currently the liquids are manually applied, the LCC is designed and characterized with EWOD compatible liquids. EWOD actuation technology allows a non-volatile switch operation, meaning the switch state can be retained without energy consumption [11]. An important aspect in assuring reliable EWOD operation is avoiding residues after switching the liquids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…931-40-8) and diphenyl sulfide (DPS, CAS No. 139-66-2) which have a refractive index of 1.44 and 1.60, respectively, at a wavelength of 1550 nm and at a temperature of 20 • C. These two liquids are compatible with EWOD systems and can be used to realize a non-volatile switch system such as shown in [11], where we also measured the propagation loss of these liquids to be lower than 4.5 dB/cm over the full wavelength range (1260 -1650 nm). The liquids HPC and DPS give an FOM of 0.048 µm −1 .…”

Section: Design Of Sin Liquid Controlled Couplermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An EWOD system allows the movement of multiple liquid drops on an optical chip. These liquid drops can be HPC which are surrounded by an ambient liquid such as DPS [11]. When the 2 LCCs are covered by a liquid drop the SE is in bar state, see Fig.…”

Section: Design Of Dilated Switch Circuitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In practical applications it is desired that the movement of the liquids above the LCCs on a chip is done by a compact fluidic system. An electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) system, such as described in [11], is a good candidate for this. It enables the movement of small optically transparent liquid drops above the optical chip and at the same time, when properly designed, it is non-volatile.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Broadband and Temperature Tolerant Silicon Nitride Liquid Controlled Waveguide Coupler

D'heer

Saurav²,

Arce³

et al. 2019

J. Lightwave Technol.

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A broadband and temperature tolerant liquidcontrolled adiabatic waveguide coupler (LCC) is realized. The LCC with silicon nitride (SiN) waveguides is designed to be compatible with liquids that can be actuated by an electrowetting-ondielectric (EWOD) system. This proof-of-principle demonstration with manual actuation paves the way towards the realization of non-volatile optical switch systems. A 630 µm long LCC configured as a 1 × 2 switch has a measured insertion loss less than 1.5 dB and a crosstalk less than −14 dB for both bar and cross state over the telecommunication wavelength range 1260 nm to 1630 nm. Furthermore, the LCC is tolerant to variations in temperature. The measured excess insertion loss over the temperature range 21 • C to 73 • C is less than 0.3 dB for bar and cross state, over the same wavelength range.

show abstract

Section: Characterization and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Design Of Sin Liquid Controlled Couplermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Design Of Dilated Switch Circuitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Broadband and Temperature Tolerant Silicon Nitride Liquid Controlled Waveguide Coupler

D'heer

Saurav²,

Arce³

et al. 2019

J. Lightwave Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Toward Nonvolatile Switching in Silicon Photonic Devices

Parra

Olivares

Brimont

et al. 2021

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Nonvolatile switching is still a missing functionality in current mainstream silicon photonics complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor platforms. Fundamentally, nonvolatile switching stands for the ability to switch between two or more photonic states reversibly without needing additional energy to hold each state. Therefore, such a feature may push one step further the potential of silicon photonics by offering new ways of achieving photonic reconfigurability with ultrasmall energy consumption. Here, a detailed review of current developments that enable nonvolatile switching in silicon photonic waveguide devices is provided. Nonvolatility is successfully demonstrated either based on device engineering or by hybrid integration of silicon waveguides with materials exhibiting unique optical properties. Furthermore, several approaches with high potential for evolving toward a nonvolatile behavior with enhanced performance are also being explored. In most cases, many development steps are still necessary to ensure reliable devices. However, this research field is expected to progress in the coming years boosted by current and emerging applications benefiting from such functionality, such as new paradigms for photonic computing or advanced reconfigurable circuits for programmable photonic systems.

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Highly efficient passive Tesla valves for microfluidic applications

et al. 2022

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A multistage optimization method is developed yielding Tesla valves that are efficient even at low flow rates, characteristic, e.g., for almost all microfluidic systems, where passive valves have intrinsic advantages over active ones. We report on optimized structures that show a diodicity of up to 1.8 already at flow rates of 20 μl s−1 corresponding to a Reynolds number of 36. Centerpiece of the design is a topological optimization based on the finite element method. It is set-up to yield easy-to-fabricate valve structures with a small footprint that can be directly used in microfluidic systems. Our numerical two-dimensional optimization takes into account the finite height of the channel approximately by means of a so-called shallow-channel approximation. Based on the three-dimensionally extruded optimized designs, various test structures were fabricated using standard, widely available microsystem manufacturing techniques. The manufacturing process is described in detail since it can be used for the production of similar cost-effective microfluidic systems. For the experimentally fabricated chips, the efficiency of the different valve designs, i.e., the diodicity defined as the ratio of the measured pressure drops in backward and forward flow directions, respectively, is measured and compared to theoretical predictions obtained from full 3D calculations of the Tesla valves. Good agreement is found. In addition to the direct measurement of the diodicities, the flow profiles in the fabricated test structures are determined using a two-dimensional microscopic particle image velocimetry (μPIV) method. Again, a reasonable good agreement of the measured flow profiles with simulated predictions is observed.

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EWOD system designed for optical switching

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Broadband and Temperature Tolerant Silicon Nitride Liquid Controlled Waveguide Coupler

Broadband and Temperature Tolerant Silicon Nitride Liquid Controlled Waveguide Coupler

Toward Nonvolatile Switching in Silicon Photonic Devices

Highly efficient passive Tesla valves for microfluidic applications

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